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Копирование методики изложения данного учебника с целью написания рукописи учебного пособия, а именно: подача иностранных / русских слов в скобках или над соответствующими им русскими / иностранными эквивалентами, разметка предложения специальными обозначениями так, как это показано в данном учебном пособии; переиздание, перепечатка, воспроизведение с помощью электронных средств или любым иным способом всей книги или любой ее части допускается только с письменного разрешения автора.
Информация об авторе
Т. М. Олива Моралес — автор методик и учебных пособий серии © Лингвистический Реаниматор, для ускоренной подготовки к экзаменам в школе и лингвистическом вузе; серии © Сравнительная типология английского и испанского языка; серии © Всестороннее раннее развитие детей от 3-х лет. Автор более 600 книг и учебных пособий на русском, английском и испанском языках; преподаватель английского и испанского языков c опытом работы более 25 лет; поэт и писатель.
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С уважением,
Татьяна Олива Моралес
Об учебных пособиях серии © «Лингвистический Реаниматор»
Учебные пособия по английскому и испанскому языку серии © «Лингвистический Реаниматор», позволяют существенно сократить срок обучения иностранному языку и улучшить качество восприятия и закрепления учащимися новых слов и нормативной грамматики иностранного языка.
Их преимущество в методике подачи предложений для перевода в упражнениях. В каждом предложении в скобках даются иностранные слова-подсказки. С помощью данной методики человек, никогда ранее не изучавший английский / испанский язык и не имеющий никакого словарного запаса имеет возможность уже на первом занятии приступить к упражнениям по переводу с русского на иностранный язык.
Методика позволяет легко и быстро заучивать новые английские / испанские слова и выражения, от упражнения к упражнению оттачивать и совершенствовать навык правильного письменного перевода на иностранный язык, тренировать навык устного перевода. Каждое учебное пособие данной серии может быть использовано в качестве самоучителя.
Все учебные пособия серии © «Лингвистический Реаниматор» были написаны «на сложных учениках», которым было необходимо получить большой объем качественных знаний за короткий период времени. Это и является целью учебных пособий данной серии.
Аннотация
Вторая часть пособия «Общий курс английского языка» может быть рекомендована школьникам, студентам, а также широкому кругу лиц, изучающих английский язык в школе, вузе, на курсах, с репетитором или самостоятельно.
Уровень знаний, необходимый для возможности занятий по второй части пособия — В2 (Upper-Intermediate). Если ваши знания пока не соответствуют данному уровню, рекомендую приобрести учебное пособие «Т. М. Олива Моралес. Общий курс английского языка. Часть 1 (уровни А1 — В2)».
После проработки второй части пособия грамматически ваши знания будут соответствовать уровню С1 (Advanced). Практика моего многолетнего преподавания по данному учебнику показывает, что при интенсивных занятиях (по 45 минут ежедневно), учащийся уровня знаний В2 (Upper-Intermediate) уже через два месяца достигает знания английской грамматики на уровне С1 (Advanced).
Учебное пособие содержит наглядные таблицы по каждой из тем с подробными и доступными объяснениями, а также, большое количество упражнений по переводу с русского языка на английский для их закрепления. В учебнике даны тесты на все темы английской нормативной грамматики уровней В2 — С1. В конце данного учебного пособия даны ключи (правильные ответы) ко всем тестам. В качестве приложений даны основные правила английской грамматики и таблица неправильных глаголов.
Что дадут занятия по второй части данного учебного пособия
1. Совершенствование знаний по грамматике английского языка с уровня В2 (Upper-Intermediate) до уровня С1 (Advanced).
2.Ликвидацию типичных ошибок и пробелов в знаниях и устойчивые знания по ключевым темам английского языка: «Согласование времен», «Сослагательное наклонение», «Конструкция Complex Object», «Конструкция Complex Subject», «Герундий и инфинитив», «Причастие 1 и причастие 2».
3.Навыки деловой переписки на английском языке.
4.Навыки общего перевода с английского языка на русский и с русского языка на английский.
Рекомендуемый порядок работы над учебниками одноимённого автора «Общий курс английского языка»
1. Общий курс английского языка. Часть 1 (А1 — В2).
2. Практикум по переводу с русского языка на английский. Уровни В2 — С2. Книга 1.
3. Общий курс английского языка. Часть 2 (В2 — С1).
4. Общий курс английского языка. Часть 3 (В2 — С2).
5. Общий курс английского языка. Часть 4 (В2 — С2).
6. Общий курс английского языка. Часть 5 (В2 — С2).
Методические рекомендации по работе с данным учебным пособием
1. Внимательно ознакомьтесь с грамматикой интересующего вас раздела. Сделайте письменный перевод.
2. Выполните «обратный перевод»: выпишите на русском языке уже переведённые вами ранее предложения в отдельную тетрадь, при этом, после каждого предложения следует оставить место для перевода на иностранный язык, так как это сделано во всех упражнениях данного учебника.
3. Пройдя один или несколько разделов письменно, вернитесь к началу учебника и проделайте устный перевод всех прописанных вами упражнений. Добивайтесь того, чтобы устный перевод шел легко и четко.
В итоге вы будете плавно и свободно переводить с русского на английский язык. Чтобы добиться такого результата, вы можете сделать устный перевод всех упражнений последовательно, несколько раз.
Специальные обозначения
… — на этом месте должен стоять определённый или неопределённый артикль.
! — следует продумать, какой предлог должен стоять перед идущим далее словом или группой слов.
* — неправильный глагол.
То (-) — данное слово не нужно переводить на испанский язык.
Раздел 1.Повторение
Глава 1. Упражнения по темам «Согласование времен», «Классификация английских времен по группам»
Упражнение 1
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, поставив глаголы в нужное время.
1.Он (he) спросил (ask) нас (us), 3.сделаем (do) 1.ли (if) 2.мы (we) это (it) завтра (the next day)?
2. Мы не думали (think*), что (that) вы (you) успеете (manage) 2.все (everything) 1.сделать (do), к тому времени как (by the time) Ник вернется (come* back) домой (home).
3. Когда (when) я (I) жил (live) на (in) …даче (country), я часто (often) ходил (go*) на (to) …пляж (beach).
4. Как (how) вы будете проводить (spend) время (time), когда (you) будете жить (live) на (in) …даче?
5. Он (he) спросил (ask) меня (me), как я буду проводить время, когда буду жить на даче?
6. Они (they) знали (know*), что (that) до (till) их (their) прихода (arrival) он работал (work) над (at) своей (his) статьей (article) (for) несколько (several) часов (hour..).
7. Он подумал (think*), что до их прихода он будет работать над своей статьей несколько часов.
8. До их прихода он несколько часов будет работать над своей статьей.
9. До их прихода он несколько часов работал над своей статьей.
10. Он сказал (say*), что (that) (he) поедет (go) к (to) …морю (sea).
11. Он сказал, что ездил к морю.
12. Он поедет к морю этим (this) летом (summer).
13. Он уже (already) был на (at) …море в (-) этом году (year).
14. Он уедет к морю, до того как (before) вы вернетесь (come* back) сюда (there).
15. Он будет отдыхать (rest) на море с (from) …1 (first) по (till) …10 (tenth)! июня (June).
16. Он сказал, что будет отдыхать на море с 1 по 10 июня.
17. До того как он приехал (come*) сюда, он отдыхал 10 дней (day..) на море.
18. Он сказал, что будет отдыхать на море уже (already) 10 дней, до того как (before) вы (you) приедете туда (there).
19. Кто-то (somebody) звонит (ring) в (at) …дверь (door).
20. Когда (when) вчера (yesterday) вечером (evening) мы (we) смотрели (watch) телевизор (TV), кто-то позвонил в дверь.
21. Когда я (I) приду (come), они (they) все (all) будут смотреть телевизор.
22. Я подумал (think*), что (that), когда я приду, они все будут смотреть телевизор.
Упражнение 2
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, поставив глаголы в нужное время и наклонение.
1. Ник сказал (say* to) мне (me), что (that) вчера (the day before) (he) не ходил (go*) в (to) …университет (university). Он объяснил (explain), что чувствовал (feel*) себя (-) плохо (bad) и (and) решил (decide) остаться (stay) дома (at home).
2. Мы (we) считали (think*), что (we) еще (already) не делали (do*) таких (such) …сложных (difficult) домашних заданий (homework).
3. Я (I) думала, что, к тому времени как (by the time) он (he) вернется (come* back) из (from) …поездки (trip), мы уже сделаем (do*) все (everything).
4. Он (he) сказал (say*), что (that) вчера (the day before) 2.была (be*) 3.плохая (bad) 1.…погода (weather), и (and) они (they) решили (decide) не ехать (go) за (to) …город (country). Он рассказал (tell*), что они остались (stay) в (in) …городе (city) и прекрасно провели время (have* a great time).
5. Он (he) просил (ask) нас (us) зайти (come) к (to) нему (him), если (if) мы (we) будем (be) в (in) Москве (Moscow). Он предполагал (suppose), что (that) к (by) …середине (middle)! сентября (September) он уже (already) вернется (return) с (from) …дачи (country).
6. Он пообещал (promise), что (that) (he) сделает перевод (translate) …статьи (article) к (by) …концу (end)! той (that) недели (week), но (but) до (till) сих пор (now) (he) не сделал (do*) …работы (work).
7. …Родители (parent..) обещали, что (that) в (on) пятницу (Friday) мы (we) поедем (go) на (to) …дачу (country).
8. Сообщите (inform) мне (me), когда (when) он (he) придет (come) в (to) …офис (office).
9. Я (I) считаю (consider), что он не будет 2.здесь (here) 1.работать (work).
10. Я думаю (think), что, к тому времени как (by the time) он (he) вернется (come back) из (from) …поездки (trip), мы (we) уже (already) 2.все (everything) 1.сделаем (do).
11. Мы не знаем (know), 3.зайдем (come) 1.ли (if) 2.мы (we) к нему в гости (to see him), когда (when) (we) будем (be*) в (in) Москве (Moscow)?
12. Мы (we) считаем (guess), что (that) (we) еще (already) не делали (do) таких (such) …сложных (difficult) домашних заданий (homework).
13. Он (he) обещает (promise), что (he) сделает перевод (translate) …статьи (article) к (by) …концу (end)! …недели (week).
14. …Родители (parent..) обещают, что, если (if) 2.будет (be*) 3.хорошая (fine) 1.…погода (weather), в (on) пятницу (Friday) мы (we) поедем (go) на (to) …дачу (country).
15. Ник только что (just) сказал (say* to) мне (me), что (that) вчера (yesterday) не ходил (go) в (to) …университет (university).
16. Я (I) не знаю (know), как (how) долго (long) он (he) уже (already) работает (work) здесь (here).
17. Я уже сделала (do*) …домашнее задание (homework) и (and) хочу (want) пойти погулять (to go for a walk) в (in) …парке (park).
Упражнение 3
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на то, что данные придаточные предложения подчиняются правилу согласования времен. В случае возникновения сложностей при переводе, воспользуйтесь Translate Google https://translate.google.ru
I
1.Он сказал, что будет работать с нами.
2.Он думал, что прочтет эти книги?
3.Анна знала, что переведет ту статью на русский язык.
4.Она не верила, что будет работать над книгой с 3 до 5 часов вечера.
5.Мой друг сказал, что будет переводить ту статью на русский язык несколько часов?
6.Студент решил, что будет читать эту книгу весь вечер.
7.Новый сотрудник сообщил, что будет работать с нами, до того как уедет в другой город?
8.Мой брат не считал, что прочтет эти книги, до того как начнется учебный год.
9.Секретарь знал, что переведет ту статью на русский язык, до того как приедет переводчик.
10.Он рассказал, что будет работать с нами на протяжении нескольких лет, до того как уедет в другой город?
11.Девушка поняла, что будет читать эти книги на протяжении нескольких месяцев, до того как начнется учебный год.
12.Мэри решила, что будет переводить ту статью на русский язык на протяжении нескольких часов, до того как закончится рабочий день.
II
1.Они сообщили, что работают в иностранной компании?
2.Мой друг не сказал, что много читает.
3.Он сказал, что часто переводит научные статьи на русский язык.
4.Менеджер ответил, что разговаривает по телефону?
5.Переводчик не пояснил, что переводит статью на русский язык.
6.Она сказала, что сейчас читает книгу?
7.Ник не знал, что мы жили в том городе.
8.Я объяснил, что уже прочел эти книги.
9.Сотрудник компании сказал, что перевел статью на русский язык?
10.Мы жили в том городе на протяжении нескольких лет, до того как переехали в Москву.
11.Он читал эти книги на протяжении 2 недель, перед тем как пришел сдавать экзамен.
12.Он переводил статью на русский язык на протяжении нескольких часов, до того как мы зашли к нему в кабинет?
Упражнение 4
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на то, что данные придаточные предложения не подчиняются правилу согласования времен.
I
1.Он говорит, что будет работать с нами.
2.Он думает, что прочтет эти книги?
3.Анна знает, что переведет ту статью на русский язык.
4.Она не верит, что будет работать над книгой с 3 до 5 часов вечера.
5.Мой друг говорит, что будет переводить ту статью на русский язык несколько часов?
6.Студенты считают, что будут читать эту книгу весь вечер.
7.Новый сотрудник говорит, что будет работать с нами, до того как уедет в другой город?
8.Мой брат не считает, что прочтет эти книги, до того как начнется учебный год.
9.Секретарь знает, что переведет ту статью на русский язык, до того как приедет переводчик.
10.Мы не говорим, что будем работать с ними на протяжении нескольких лет, до того как уедем в другой город.
11.Девушка понимает, что будет читать эти книги на протяжении нескольких месяцев, до того как начнется учебный год.
12.Мэри думает, что будет переводить ту статью на русский язык на протяжении нескольких часов, до того как закончится рабочий день.
II
1.Они говорят, что работают в иностранной компании?
2.Мой друг не полагает, что много читает.
3.Он говорит, что часто переводит научные статьи на русский язык.
4.Менеджер поясняет, что разговаривает по телефону.
5.Переводчик не говорит, что переводит статью на русский язык.
6.Она говорит, что сейчас читает книгу?
7.Ник не знает, что мы жили в том городе 5 лет назад.
8.Я не говорю, что уже прочел эти книги.
9.Сотрудник компании докладывает, что вчера перевел статью на русский язык?
10.Мы живем в этом городе на протяжении нескольких лет.
11.Он читает эти книги на протяжении 2 недель.
12.Он переводит статью на русский язык на протяжении нескольких часов?
Глава 2. Тесты
Тесты уровня В2 (Upper-Intermediate)
Тест 1
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Ann said that she… singing.
likes
is liking
liked
was liking
2. Mark… me that he… time to play the guitar.
told, has
said to, had
tells, had
says, have
3. Bess explained that she… very late, so she… TV the day before.
comes back, hadn’t watched
has come back, hasn’t watched
came back, hadn’t watched
came back, didn’t watched
4. The employee warned us that he… to leave for the UK the next month.
is going
were going
has gone
was going
5. The son promised that he… his mother when he… to London.
will phone, came
will have phoned, will have come
would phone, came
is to phone, comes
6. Mike told us that Russia… very beautiful in winter.
is
was
has been
were
7. The lecturer… a talk on the History of Spain.
told us to give
told us give
tells to us to give
told to us to give
8. Bess… worry about her marks.
ask to her mother not to
asked her mother not to
asked to not
asked not
9. He promised that he… if he… time.
will come, has
would come, has had
would come, had
will come, had
10. Ann says that she… wake up early in the morning last year.
had used to
get used to
uses to
used to
11. The doctor told the patient… calm.
to stay
have stayed
stay
staying
12. We were surprised to see you. Your parents said you… sick.
were
has been
are
had been
13. Ann says that Bess… into her car because she… her key.
cannot get, loses
couldn’t get, had lost
couldn’t get, has los
can’t get, was losing
14. The chief warned everybody that they… a conference…
had, tomorrow
will have, the next day
were having, tomorrow
were having, the next day
15. Henry told us that every exam… him nervous.
is making
make
made
makes
16. Their friends said that they… in the UK for five years.
lived
had been living
had lived
lives
Тест 2
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Merry explained that her husband… hard for the past few weeks.
had been working
was working
worked
would be working
2. Did he say… to the office earlier the next day?
you would have to come
would you have to come
will you have to come
had had to
3. He knew Bess… around the USA for two months yet.
was travelling
had been travelling
had travelled
has been travelling
4. The director of the play wondered how many people… to the theatre the day before.
would come
came
had come
would have come
5. The doctor said to the patient that he… go outside for several days.
mustn’t
hadn’t to
didn’t must
might not
6. He asked me not to tell anybody what… earlier the day before.
happened
had happened
would happen
had been happening
7. Could you find out how long… at the hotel?
they would have been staying
they would be staying
would they be staying
will they be staying
8. His parents were worried that he… properly that year.
isn’t studying
wasn’t studying
hadn’t been studying
didn’t study
9. Henry was mistaken when he said that Ann… for the USA the next week.
would have come
would be coming
would come
would have been coming
10. He said that Mark… a skilled specialist at the moment.
isn’t
wasn’t
hadn’t been
wasn’t being been
11. He said that due to the flooding a part of his villa had been destroyed at once and the rest of it… so far.
had been destroying
was being destroyed
had been destroyed
was destroying
12 The buyer wanted to know why I… to sell my car.
decided
had decided
I had been deciding
decide
13. Mark said that when he… for a train at the station, he… a famous writer.
was waiting, had met
had been waiting, met
had been waiting, had met
waited, met
14. Ann told me she… in the village all that year, and she had no wish to go back to the city.
lived
had lived
was living
is living
15. Henry asked Ann what… in California during her holidays.
would she be doing
would be she doing
she would be doing
would have been doing
16. Merry complained that she… the next week and her dress still… ready.
is married, isn’t
was marrying, isn’t
was getting married, wasn’t
is marrying, wasn’t
Тест 3
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Bess said that she… yet when we… back.
would not be sleeping, came
won’t sleep, will come
would not be sleeping, would have come
doesn’t sleep, will come
2. He said that by the end of next month they… there for two years.
would have worked
would have been working
would be working
would work
3. The guy said that by the time his friend… them up they… for two hours.
picks, will have been walking
picked, would have been walking
would pick, would have walked
would have picked, would be walked
4. The guy assured that he… that woman.
was knowing
would know
had known
knew
5. He said that coat… in Spain.
had made
was made
will be made
had been made
6. Ann said that she… happy if he… to see her.
will be, comes
would be, came
would be, has come
would have been, come
7. Bess said that she… those articles.
already has read
had already read
already read
would read already
8. He answered that he…
was read
readed
was reading
were reading
9. The chief asked since when… at this enterprise?
have I been working
did I work
was I working
I had been working
10. We decided that we… to Spain on holidays.
will go
would be going
would go
will have gone
11. The employee warned us that he….
will go away, tomorrow morning
would go away, tomorrow morning
would go away, the next day morning
will go away, the next day morning
12. The third item… when we heard the bell.
was only discussed
had only been discussed
is only been discussing
has only been discussed
13. He asked what… if his friend… the next day?
we would do, came
will we do, come
would we do, had come
will we do, will come
14. I was sure that Kate… by the time I ….
came, would arrive
comes, have arrived
will have come, arrive
would have come, arrived
15. Our teacher was almost sure we… our exams.
passes
would be passing
would pass
will have passed
16. Fred asked Ann where he… so early in the morning.
am going
went
go
was going
Тест 4
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. I wondered what she… to do in Spain.
is going
would have done
would doing
was going
2. He said that by the end year… there for ten years.
would have worked
would have been working
will be working
will have worked
3. The guy said that while he… in that hotel, somebody stole his watch.
was staying, steal
stayed, had stolen
would stay, stole
was staying, had stolen
4. The receptionist assured us that he… the woman, who… into the hotel.
knew, had just come
knows, just came
had known, just had come
was knowing
5. The teacher pointed out that ten mistakes… by that student in one short test.
had made
was made
will be made
had been made
6. I promised that I… as soon as the plane…
will ring up them, lands
would ring them up, landed
would ring up them, landed
rang them up, would land
7. Bess said that she… in Paris and added that she… happy to go there.
never had been, would be
wasn’t, will happy
had never been, would be
never has been, will be
8. Mike explained that he… come at the moment but he… after he… the work.
couldn’t, would arrive, had finished
couldn’t, arrived, finished
can’t, arrives, will have finished
couldn’t, arrived, had finished
9. The chief asked till what time… on that project?
would I be working
I would work
I would be working
I would have worked
10. He said that their parents… that they… to Spain on holidays.
had decided, would be going
decided, will go
had decided, would go
decided, would go
11. The employee warned us that he… to finish the translation, only after he… all the necessary materials.
would can, received
could be able, would receive
would be able, would have received
would be able, had received
12. Ann explained that she… the work on the project until we… on business.
would have finished, went away
would finish, would go away
would finish, went away
had finish, would go away
13. He… to finish the translation, only after he… all the necessary materials.
will can, receives
can be able, will receive
will be able, will have received
will be able, has received
14. She… the work on the project until we… on business.
will have finished, go away
will finish, will go away
will finish, go away
has finished, will go away
15. He… the translation, only after he… all the necessary materials.
had finished, received
finished, had received
will finish, had received
finishes, will receive
16. She… the work on the project until we… on business.
had finished, went away
finished, had gone away
had finished, had gone away
finished, went away
Тест 5
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. I promised that I… as soon as the plane…
will ring up them, lands
would ring them up, landed
would ring up them, landed
rang them up, would land
2. I ...as soon as the plane…
will ring them up, lands
will ring them up, landed
will ring up them, have landed
ring them up, would land
3. He explained that he… come at the moment but he… after he… the work on the project.
couldn’t, would arrive, had finished
couldn’t, arrived, finished
can’t, arrives, will have finished
couldn’t, arrived, had finished
4. He… come at the moment but he… after he… the work on the project.
couldn’t, will have arrived, will finish
can’t, has arrived, will finish
can’t, will arrive, has finished
couldn’t, arrives, will have finished
5. The manager asked till what time… on that project?
would I be working
I would work
I would be working
I would have worked
6. Till what time… on that project?
you will be working
will you work
you would be working
will you have worked
7. He ...to finish the translation, only after he… all the necessary materials.
will can, receives
can be able, will receive
will be able, will have received
will be able, has received
8. He said he… to finish the translation, only after he… all the necessary materials.
would can, receives
can be able, will receive
would be able, had received
would be able, received
9. Ann… all the works until we… on holydays.
will have finished, go away
will finish, will go away
will finish, go away
has finished, will go away
10. Ann said she… all the works until we… on holydays.
would have finished, went away
would finish, will go away
would finish, go away
had finished, would go away
11. Ann said she… all the works after we… on holydays.
would have finished, went away
would finish, will go away
would finish, had gone away
had finished, would go away
12. Ann said she… all the works faster if we… on holydays.
would finish, went away
would finish, will go away
would finish, had gone away
had finished, would go away
13. She… all the works faster if we… on holydays.
would have finish, had gone away
would finish, will go away
would finish, had gone away
had finished, would go away
14. She… all the works faster if we… on holydays.
will finish, go away
will finish, will go away
will finish, have gone away
has finished, will go away
15. He… the translation, only after he… all the necessary materials.
will have finished, has received
will finish, has received
will be finishing, will have received
has finished, will receive
16. He… the translation, after he… all the necessary materials.
would finish, received
had finished, would have received
finishes, will have received
has finished, will receive
Тест 6
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. If my husband… time, he… with us.
has, will go
will have, goes
would have had, had gone
will have, had gone
2. Merry asked when …?
was written that book
had been this book written
had that book been written
that book had been written
3. The chief didn’t know that the employee… the work the day before.
have already done
already did
had already done
would already do
4. He knew Mary… next Monday.
would pack
would be packing
will have packed
would pack
5. He was sure when the conference …, we… there yet.
would start, would have been coming
started, would have come
starts, will be coming
would be staring, would have been come
6. He noticed that Bess… at the window then.
did not sat
was not sitting
had not sat
is not sitting
7. He said that if he… a lot of money, he… a country house long before.
got, would buy
had got, would have bought
had got, will have bought
would have, would buy
8. Ann explained that the road… by the earthquake.
had ruined
ruined
had been ruined
was ruined
9. The student reported he… the material for 2 days.
has read
read
had been reading
would read
10. We decided that it… great if we… to Paris on holidays.
will be, go
was, would be going
would be, went
had been, would go
11. He said he… a lot of English texts lately.
had been reading
had read
read
were reading
12. I was sure that Kate… by the time I… came,
would arrive, came
comes, have arrived
will have come, arrive
would have come, arrived
13The student said, «I am writing a final test.»
The student said that I am writing a final test.
The student said that you are writing a final test.
The student said that he was writing a final test.
The student said that I was writing a final test.
14. The student said he… the text-book by the time the librarian… him to give it back.
will read, would ask
would have been reading, ask
would have read, asked
will have read, shall ask
15. Where… so early in the morning?
you are going
you go
are you going
he was going
16. I said that I… happy if you… to see me.
will be, came
would be, came
would be, will have come
would have been, will come
Тест 7
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. They said that they… when Mary… because they just… stand her.
would leave, came, couldn’t
will leave, came, couldn’t
would leave, comes, cannot
would leave, had come, cannot
2. Henry told me that on his opinion Bess… than Ann.
was more beautiful
is being beautifuler
has been more beautiful
was beautifuler
3. Mark warned everyone that he… to the presentation at two, but… as soon as possible.
couldn’t come, would be
couldn’t come, is
can’t come, would be
can’t come, will be
4. «How is your wife?» Ann asked Boris. He answered that she… fine.
was
has been
is
was being
5. 1 was sure you would say that the book… interesting.
is
was
were
had been
6. Mark told me that he… our teacher in the street and that he… fine.
saw, had seemed
had seen, seemed
had seen, had seemed
has seen, was seeming
7. Ann complained that her car… the day before.
was stolen
had been stolen
has been stolen
is stolen
8. Henry told her that she… at his villa if she… some day in California.
could stay, was
can to stay, was
can stay, is
could to stay, was
9. He said that if he… a lot of money, I… a country-house….
get, buy, the year before
had got, would have bought, last year
had got, will have bought, the last year
had got, would have bought, the year before
10. He said that if he… a lot of money, he… a house in Spain….
had had, would have bought the next year
had, will buy, next year
had, would buy, the next year
will have, buy, next year
11. She asked what… if her friend … …?
we would do, came, the next day
will we do, come, tomorrow
we would do, had come, the next day
will we do, will come, tomorrow
12. He said that if she… hard at her German, she ….
worked, would have succeeded long before
would have worked, had succeeded long ago
worked, would succeed long before
will work, succeed long ago
13. He said that if they… free …, they… to see her.
were, yesterday, would come
had been, yesterday, would have come
had been, the day before, had come
had been, the day before, would have come
14. He said that if they… the train, they… at home ….
hadn’t missed, would be, now
didn’t miss, would be, then
didn’t miss, would have been, now
hadn’t missed, would be, then
15. He said that if the manager… the work yet, the employees… it ….
had done, could have discussed, now
had done, could discuss, then
did, could discuss, now
would have done, could discuss, then
16. He said that if I… French before, I… a good job in Paris ….
had learned, could find, last year
had learned, could have found, the year before
would learn, could have found, last year
learned, could have found, the year before
Глава 3. Тематические тесты
Тема 1. Группа времен Perfect
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. … all the work?
Did you already do
Have you already done
Have you done already
Already did you do
2. She said that Tom… away on Friday.
goed
has gone
had gone
have gone
3. We… away before they returned there.
will go
go
went
had gone
4. … that Ann… there …?
Did he said, is, either
Said he, had been, too
Have he say, had been, either
Did he say, had been, too
5. When the man… in, I understood that I… him somewhere before.
had come, had seen
came, had seen
has come, will see
had come, had seen
6. The employee says that he… the task.
has already done
had already done
already did
already has done
7. My new friend asked me if I… in London.
have been
were
had been
will be
8. … in the USA?
Were you ever
Had you ever been
Have you ever been
Did you ever been
9. He… the translation by the end of the week.
completed
had completed
will complete
has completed
10. Nick said that he… the translation ….
had not done, too
do not do, too
hasn’t done, either
hadn’t done, either
11. This is… book I ….
the most best, ever read
the best, I have ever read
the most good, I ever have read
more good, I ever read
12. … that Fred … … student of our university?
Did you hear, are, the best
Have you heard, was, the most good
Had you heard, was, the best
Have you heard, is, the best
13. He said that that Mike … … student of our group.
is, the most bad
was, the most bed
had been, the worse
was, the worst
14. … in the USA? — Yes, I… there 5 years ago.
Were you, was
Had you been, have been
Have you been, was
Did you be, had been
15. He asked if I… in the USA. I answered that I… there 5 years before.
have ever been, was
had ever been, had been
ever was, was
ever had been, had was
16. They… everything themselves before the translator ….
did, had come
had done, came
did, came
have done, came
17. I… the book by next month.
will translated
have translated
will have translated
will translate
18. … … … … these articles by the beginning of next week?
Are, we, have, read
We, will, have, read
Will, we, have, read
We, will, have, read
19. By the time we …, they… for London.
arrive, have already left
arrive, will have already left
will arrive, will already have left
will have arrived, already will have left
20. I… all the articles until next week.
won’t have read
won’t read
not have read
read
21. By the time they …here, she… dinner.
will come, will have cooked
come, will have cooked
will have come, will have cook
comes, will cooked
22. I… this gallery when I… in London.
saw, was
have seen, was
has seen, been
have see, was
23. I… these articles.
already have read
have already read
already read
have read already
24. … to London twice?
He has been
Has he been
Were he
Been he
25. … this text-book. I… it.
Don’t buy, I’ve bought
Not to, buy, I’ve buy
Don’t buy, I buyed
Тема 2. Группа времен Continuous
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. We… TV now.
are not watched
are not watching
doesn’t watching
had not watched
2. Why… your homework?
aren’t you doing
aren’t you do
hadn’t you doing
you aren’t doing
3. … or writing?
Is he read
Does he reading
Is he reading
He is reading
4. What …?
are you singing
are you sing
are you sang
has you sang
5. Какое предложение построено верно?
Are you eat?
Are you eating?
Do you eating?
You is eat?
6. Bess… at the window.
did not sat
was not sitting
had not sat
does not sitting
7. My sister said that he… a composition.
was written
was writing
is writing
written
8. The students said that they… their text-books.
reading
had reading
were reading
did reading
9. Alex said that they… TV the day before.
are not watching
were not watching
had not watched
have not watched
10. She asked us what ….
are you reading
were you reading
are we read
we were reading
11. Father wondered why… homework?
aren’t Ann doing your
Ann wasn’t doing her
hadn’t Ann doing his
had Ann done her
12. She asked if… or translating.
was he reading
did he read
he was reading
did he reading
13. She wondered if ….
I have slept
I was sleeping
was I sleeping
I do slept
14. She said that her husband… in a foreign company.
not works
has not worked
had not worked
were not working
15. Fred… that Ann was not slipping.
know
had known
was knowing
knew
16. Paul… that he… on the phone.
was saying, speaks
saying, was speaking
said, was speaking
had said, spoke
17. I… the piano in the evening.
will be play
be playing
will playing
will play
18. She… yet when we… back.
will not be sleeping, come
won’t sleep, will come
will not be sleeping, will have come
doesn’t sleep, will come
19. What… by 9 pm tonight?
will he be doing
will he have done
will he do
will have he done
20. They… when Fred comes.
will having supper
will be having supper
will supper
will had supper
21. What… when your sons arrive?
will you be doing
will you done
you will be doing
you will doing
22. My brother… TV from 6 till 7 pm tonight.
won’t be watching
won’t watch
won’t have watched
won’t has watched
23. I ….
am not sit
am not sitting
do not sat
am not sit
24. I ….
is read
readed
am reading
do reading
25. We… his articles.
are reading
are read
do reading
do reads
Тема 3. Группа времен Perfect Continuous
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Tom… the book since three o’clock.
have read
has read
was reading
has been reading
2. What… here since early morning? — He… for my examination.
has he done, have been preparing
he have done, have prepared
has he been doing, has been preparing
he has been doing, was preparing
3. I… a lot of English texts lately.
have been reading
have read
read
were reading
4. She… German in 2000.
begun teaching
has begun teaching
begins teaching
began teaching
5. Ann ….
already has come
has already come
have been already coming
has come already
6. … at this enterprise since 2003?
Has she been working
She has been working
Has she worked
Was she working
7. How long… for us?
you have been waiting
have you been waiting
had you waited
was you waiting
8. The employee said that he… German in 1997.
began learning
begun learning
has begun learning
had begun learning
9. The chief asked the employee since when… at the company?
have you been working
has he been working
had he been working
he had been working
10. The chief asks how long… at this company?
had she been working
has she been working
she has been working
she had been working
11. The pupil says that… a lot of English books lately.
they have been reading
they had been reading
they read
they have read
12. Ann said that her husband ….
has already come
had already come
already came
already comes
13. Mother asked them… since early morning? They answered that they… for the examination.
what have you been doing here, had prepared
what they have been doing there, have prepared
what had you been doing here, have been preparing
what they had been doing there, had been preparing
14. My sister explained that she… the book since five o’clock.
have been reading
has been reading
had read
had been reading
15. Fred asked if… for his sister?
we have been waiting
we had been waiting
had we been waiting
we were waiting
16. He… the translation.
just finished
has just been finishing
just has finished
has just finished
17. Next week they… here.
will not have been working
will not working
will not work
will not works
18. By the end of next month they… here for two years.
will have worked
will have been working
will be working
will work
19. By the 15-th of May Mary… her new book.
will have be writing
will have written
will write
will be writing
20. Before these sportsmen… to the competition, the coach… them for 6 months.
will go, will have been trained
go, will have been training
will have gone, will have been training
go, will train
21. When the conference …, we… here yet.
will start, will have been coming
starts, will have come
start, will be coming
will be staring, will have been come
22. Before Fred… for the UK we… at the project for 10 days.
leaves, will have been working
leave, will have worked
will leave, will be working
will have left, will have worked
23. By the time they… home, he… cards with friends since the very morning.
get, will have played
have got, will be playing
got, will play
get, will have been playing
24. By the end of this month she… as a teacher for 15 years.
will been working
will have worked
will work
will have been working
25. Since when… at this enterprise?
have you been working
did you work
was you working
you have worked
Тема 4. Группа времен Future in the Past
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. We decided that we… to Paris on holidays.
will go
would be going
would go
will have gone
2. The guy knew his aunt… him any money.
will not lent
would not lend
would be lending
lends
3. I was sure that after midnight they all ….
would be sleeping
would sleep
would have slept
would have been sleeping
4. His teacher was almost sure the student… all the exams.
would be passing
would have passed
will have been passing
would pass
5. I was sure that Kate… by the time I ….
comes, have arrived
came, would arrive
will have come, arrive
would have come, arrived
6. The employee says that he… on business next week.
will go away
will be going away
would have gone
would have been going away
7. Our teacher is almost sure we… our exams.
would pass
will be passing
will pass
would have passed
8. The guide has said that he… at 7 o’clock.
would come back
will come back
would have come back
will have come back
9. I thought the manager… everything by our arrival, but I… wrong.
will prepare, am
would have prepared, was
would have been preparing, have been
will have prepared, had been
10. The student explains that she… German lessons twice a week.
would take
will take
would be taking
will be taking
11. The manager knows that the chief… next month.
would return
will return
would be returning
will have returned
12. My friend has assured me he… the book by the time I… him to give it back.
would have read, asked
will have read, ask
would have been reading, had asked
will have read, have asked
13. He assures me that he… the book by the time I… him to give it back.
will have read, ask
would have been reading, asked
will read, asked
will have been reading, ask
14. Our new friend promised he… to see us when he… in London.
came, is
would come, was
comes, would be
will come, has been
15. This employee has just said that he… on business to the USA next summer.
would go
will go
goes
went
16. The employee said that he… to the USA the next summer.
will go
will be going
would go
goes
17. Ann said that she… there the next month.
would have gone away
would go away
will go away
went away
18. The chief asked them if they… in that project.
would take part
take part
will take part
would have been taken part
19. The guy said that by the time his friend… them up they… for two hours.
picks, will have been walking
picked, would have been walking
would pick, would have walked
would have picked, would be walked
20. He knew Mary… next Monday.
would pack
would be packing
will have packed
would pack
21. The student said he… the text-book by the time the librarian… him to give it back.
will read, would ask
would have been reading, ask
would have read, asked
will have read, shall ask
22. The girl said that she… French lessons twice a week.
would be taking
would take
would have taken
will have been taking
23. He said that his friend… by 9 o’clock.
would come
would have come
will come
would be coming
24. We were sure that you… late.
would have been
will be
would be being
would be
25. We knew that Ann… from her trip the next month.
will return
would have returned
would return
would be returning
Тема 5. Согласование времен в английском языке
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Nick asked his new friend if he… by air before.
ever have traveled
travels ever
would ever travel
had ever traveled
2. The employee warned us that he ….
will go away, tomorrow morning
would go away, tomorrow morning
would go away, the next day morning
will go away, the next day morning
3. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The pupil explained, «I am reading.»
The pupil explained that I am reading.
The pupil explained that I was reading.
The pupil explained that he was reading.
The pupil explained that he reads.
4. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The manager said, «We are busy.»
The manager said that we are busy.
The manager said that we were busy.
The manager said that they were busy.
The manager said that he was busy.
5. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
Nick assured, «I know a better hotel.»
Nick assured that I know a better hotel.
Nick assured that he knows a better hotel.
Nick assured that he knew a better hotel.
Nick assured that I knew a better hotel.
6. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The girl said, «I woke up late.»
The girl said that I woke up late.
The girl said that she woke up late.
The girl said that she had woken up late.
The girl said that I had woken up late.
7. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
Fred promised, «I will ring you up.»
Fred promised that I will ring you up.
Fred promised that he will ring you up.
Fred promised that he would ring us up.
Fred promised that I would ring us up.
8. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The tourists explained, «We have just arrived.»
The tourists explained that we have just arrived.
The tourists explained that they have just arrived.
The tourists explained that they had just arrived.
The tourists explained that we had just arrived.
9. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The boy said, «I will clean your car.»
The boy said that I will clean your car.
The boy said that he will clean my car.
The boy said that he would clean my car.
The boy said that I would clean your car.
10. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The woman exclaimed, «I don’t know where my shoes are.»
The woman exclaimed that I don’t know where my shoes are.
The woman exclaimed that I didn’t know where my shoes are.
The woman exclaimed that she didn’t know where her shoes were.
The woman exclaimed that I didn’t know where her shoes were.
11. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
My friend promised: «I won’t tell it to anyone.»
My friend promised that I won’t tell it to anyone.
My friend promised that he won’t tell it to anyone.
My friend promised that I wouldn’t tell it to anyone.
My friend promised that he wouldn’t tell it to anyone.
12. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The student assured, «I did not say that.»
The student assured that I did not say that.
The student assured that he did not say that.
The student assured that I had not said that.
The student assured that he had not said that.
13. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The student said, «This is my text-book.»
The student said that this is my text-book.
The student said that this was our text-book.
The student said that that was my text-book.
The student said that it was his text-book.
14. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
My friend said, «I went to the cinema last week.»
My friend said that he went to the cinema last week.
My friend said that I had gone to the cinema last week.
My friend said that I had gone to the cinema the previous week.
My friend said that he had gone to the cinema the previous week.
15. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
Ann promised, «I will do it for him.»
Ann promised that I will do it for him.
Ann promised that she will do it for him.
Ann promised that I would do it for him.
Ann promised that she would do it for him.
16. В каком предложении прямая речь превращена в косвенную верно?
The student said, «I am writing a final test.»
The student said that I am writing a final test.
The student said that you are writing a final test.
The student said that he was writing a final test.
The student said that I was writing a final test.
17. Fred asked Ann where he… so early in the morning.
am going
went
go
was going
18. Mike knew his friends… for me at the metro station.
will wait
will have waited
would wait
would be waiting
19. The chief didn’t know that the employee… the work the day before.
has already done
already did
had already done
would already do
20. The guy assures that he… that woman.
is knowing
would know
had known
knows
21. Nick understood why his friend… the previous evening.
has not come
didn’t come
hadn’t come
would not come
22. She asked her ex-classmate if he… their English teacher.
had remembered
remember
remembered
will remember
23. The student reported he… the material.
has already read
already read
had already read
will already read
24. Fred said that his wife… the next month.
will come
had come
came
would come
25. The man said he… tell me the right time, his watch… wrong.
can, is
would not can, were
couldn’t, was
cannot, is
Тема 6. Пассивный залог
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. America… long ago.
has been discovered
discovered
was discovered
had been discovered
2. Many new shops… this year.
being built
were built
have been built
had been built
3. The third item… when we heard the bell.
was only discussed
had only been discussed
is only been discussing
has only been discussed
4. When …?
will this problem be solved
this problem solved
has this problem been solved
this problem has been solved
5. We got lost in the forest because we… the way.
hasn’t been shown
hadn’t been shown
weren’t shown
aren’t shown
6. The little dog… with interest by the people.
were watched
was watched
had been watched
has been watched
7. I… my son’s homework before he… me to do it.
was checked up, was asked
had been checked up, asked
checked up, was asked
had checked up, asked
8. This clock… long ago.
made
was made
have made
were made
9. All the articles… by the end of the week.
will be written
will have been written
would be written
is written
10. My wife wondered why the key ….
hidden
had been hidden
is hidden
will be hidden
11. This house… a century ago.
is built
had been built
was built
has been built
12. When …?
has been this museum built
was this museum built
has this museum been built
this museum has been built
13. The article… yet.
was written
written
has been written
had been written
14. Whom… into English by?
this book translated
was this book translated
had been this book translated
has this book translated
15. The article ….
already written
has already been written
has been already written
had already been written
16. That problem… when the chief came in.
was discussed
had discussed
was being discussed
discussed
17. Many business-centers… in this city lately.
are built
were built
had been built
have been built
18. When …?
is written this book
was this book written
had been this book written
has this book been written
19. We… to his party.
have invited
were invited
was invited
had been invited
20. English… in England.
has been spoken
is spoken
was spoken
had been spoken
21. This coat… in Spain.
made
was made
will be made
has been made
22. The text-book… printed now.
was still being
still has been being
is still being
has been still being
23. The road… by the earthquake.
has ruined
ruined
have been ruined
was ruined
24. Her husband’s car… last night.
is stolen
was stolen
has been stolen
had been stolen
25. The article… sent.
just had been
just has been
has just been
just was
Тема 7. Условные предложения
Переведите предложение на русский язык. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. My son… to the party if he… invited.
won’t go, had not been
won’t go, is not
won’t go, will not be
wouldn’t go, not
2. If I… a lot of money, I… a house in Spain.
have, would buy
had, will buy
had, would buy
will have, buy
3. They… the party in the country-house if the weather ….
will have, was sunny
will have, is sunny
had, would sunny
had had, would sunny
4. What… if my friend… tomorrow?
would we do, came
will we do, come
would we do, had come
will we do, will come
5. If she… hard at her German, she ….
would work, would succeed
would work, succeed
worked, would succeed
will work, succeed
6. If we… free yesterday, we… to see her.
are, would have come
had been, would have come
had been, had come
were, would come
7. If they… the train, they… at home now.
hadn’t missed, would be
didn’t miss, would be
didn’t miss, would have been
wouldn’t missed, were
8. If this man… so rude, he… so.
is not, won’t say
were not, wouldn’t have said
will not be, didn’t said
had not been, wouldn’t say
9. If the manager… the work yet, the employees… it now.
had done, could have discussed
had done, could discuss
did, could discuss
would have done, could discuss
10. If you… French before, you… a good job in Paris last year.
had learned, could find
had learned, could have found
would learn, could have found
learned, could have found
11. If it… possible, I… my best.
would be, did
had been, would do
were, would do 1
’d have been, would do
12. If I… you, I… to Spain this summer.
were, would go
am, will go
’d be, would go
had been, would go
13. If I… in your place, I… the best friend.
’d be, helped
were, would help
had been, would help
am, will help
14. If it… tomorrow, we… to the country.
’ll not so cold, will go
cold, will go
’d not so cold, would go
weren’t so cold, would go
15. If I… a lot, I… a house in Spain long ago.
earned, would buy
will earn, buy
earned, would have bought
will earn, will buy
16. If we… rich, … all over the world.
became, we’ll travel
became, we’d have traveled
became, we’d travel
’ll become, travel
17. If my husband… time, he… with us.
will have, goes
has, will go
would have, goes
will have, had gone
18. Ask Fred to ring me up if he ….
come
had come
comes
will come
19. If I… Mike, I… to him about your problem.
will see, will speak
had seen, will speak
saw, will speak
see, will speak
20. If I… a lot of money, I… a country-house last year.
get, buy
had got, would have bought
had got, will have bought
would have, would buy
21. If we… a car, … the plane.
didn’t take, we’ll miss
wouldn’t take, missed
wouldn’t have taken, had missed
don’t take, we will miss
22. I… happy if you… to see me.
will be, come
would be, will come
would be, will have come
would have been, will come
23. If Nick… her, he… her everything.
will see, will tell
see, will tell
see, will have told
had seen, I will have told
24. What… if she… him say that?
will his mother think, heard
would his mother think, heard
did his mother think, will heard
would his mother have thought, heard
25. If the tourists …now, they… at the hotel on time.
will start off, come
started off, come
start off, will come
had started off, would come
Раздел 2. Грамматические особенности английского языка
Глава 1. Конструкция Complex Object (сложное дополнение)
Конструкция Complex Object (сложное дополнение) не имеет аналогов в русском языке, но широко применяется в английском. Это конструкция состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и, следующим за ним, инфинитива (c частицей to или без таковой) или причастием настоящего времени (Participle I).
Местоимения в объектном падеже:
Примеры применения:
I want her to give me a book. — Я хочу, чтобы она дал мне книгу.
I want my friend to give me a book. — Я хочу, чтобы мой друг дал мне книгу.
They saw him open the door. — Они видели, как он открыл дверь.
We saw Bess open the door. — Мы видели, как Бесси открыла дверь.
They saw him opening the door. — Они видели, как он открывал дверь.
We saw Bess opening the door. — Мы видели, как Бесси открывала дверь.
Как видно из примеров, данных выше, конструкция Complex Object (сложное дополнение) переводится на русский язык придаточным дополнительным предложением, которое вводится союзами, «чтобы», «как», «что». Существительное / имя собственное в именительном падеже или личное местоимение в объектом падеже является подлежащим данной конструкции, а инфинитив (c частицей to или без таковой) либо причастие настоящего времени (Participle I) является сказуемым данной конструкции.
Случаи употребления Complex Object (сложного дополнения) и примеры
1. Complex Object (сложное дополнение) + инфинитив без частицы to
Complex Object (сложное дополнение) + инфинитив без частицы to заменяет придаточное предложение, если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения выражает:
а) побуждение, принуждение, выраженное глаголами to let — позволять, to make — заставлять, to cause — причинять, заставлять, to have — распорядиться. Например:
He made my brother do his homework properly. — Он заставил моего брата сделать домашнюю работу должным образом.
б) физическое восприятие и ощущение — (to hear — слышать, to see — видеть, to watch — смотреть, to notice — замечать, to observe — наблюдать, to feel — чувствовать, и т. д.), а сказуемое придаточного предложения выражено глаголом несовершенного вида. Например:
They saw him open the door. — Они видели, как он открыл дверь.
We saw Bess open the door. — Мы видели, как Бесси открыла дверь.
Упражнение 1
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив без частицы to.
Модель:
They saw him open the door. — Они видели, как он открыл дверь.
We saw Bess open the door. — Мы видели, как Бесси открыла дверь.
1.Позвольте (let) мне помочь (help) Бесси перевести (to translate) эту (this) статью (article) на (into) французский (French) язык (-).
2.Позвольте мне помочь вам (you) перевести эту статью на английский (English) язык (-).
3…Менеджер (manager) распорядился (cause), чтобы (-) все (all) …сотрудники (employee..) (of) …отдела (department) знали (know) …детали (detail..)! …нового (new) проекта (project).
4…Начальник (chief)! …отдела распорядился, чтобы (-) все они знали (know) …детали …нового плана (plan).
5.Она (she) заставила (make*) своего (her) сына (son) сделать (do) …домашнюю работу (homework).
6.Она заставила его (him) сделать домашнюю работу.
7.Они (they) слышали (hear*), как (-) вы (you) открыли (open) …дверь (door) и (and) вошли (come) в (into) …офис (office).
8…Ученики (pupil..) видели (see*), как (-) …преподаватель (teacher) вошел в …класс (classroom).
9.Моя (my) сестра (sister) заметила (notice), что (-) я вышла (go) из (out of) …комнаты (room).
10.Она (she) почувствовала (feel*), что (-) кто-то (somebody) вошел в …квартиру (flat).
11.Они (they) увидели (see*), что (-) мы покинули (leave) …ресторан (restaurant).
12…Дети (children) заметили, что (-) …бабушка (grandmother) открыла (open) …дверь.
2. Complex Object (сложное дополнение) + причастие настоящего времени (Participle I)
Complex Object (сложное дополнение) + причастие настоящего времени (Participle I) заменяет придаточное предложение, если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения выражает физическое восприятие и ощущение (to hear — слышать, to see — видеть, to watch — смотреть, to notice — замечать, to observe — наблюдать, to feel — чувствовать, и т.д.), а сказуемое придаточного предложения выражено глаголом несовершенного вида. Например:
They saw him opening the door. — Они видели, как он открывал дверь.
We saw Bess opening the door. — Мы видели, как Бесси открывала дверь.
Упражнение 2
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + причастие настоящего времени (Participle I).
Модель:
They saw him opening the door. — Они видели, как он открывал дверь.
We saw Bess opening the door. — Мы видели, как Бесси открывала дверь.
1.Все (all) вы (you) слышали (hear*), как (-) они открывали (open) … дверь (door) и входили (enter) в (-) …комнату (room).
2…Ученики (pupil..) видели (see), как (-) …преподаватель (teacher) входит (enter) в (-) класс (classroom)?
3.Моя (my) сестра (sister) заметила (notice), как (-) он выходил (go) из (out of) …комнаты (room).
4.Он (he) почувствовал (feel*), что (-) кто-то (somebody) входит (come) в (come) …квартиру (flat).
5.Они (they) увидели (see), как (-) …сотрудники (employee..) уходят (leave) из (-) …офиса (office).
6…Дети (children) заметили (notice), как (-) …бабушка (grandmother) открывает (open) …дверь (door)! их (their) комнаты.
7.Они (they) наблюдали (watch), как (-) …корабль (ship) приближается (approach) к (-) …берегу (shore).
8.Ник увидел (see*), что (-) вы переходите (cross) …улицу (street) и (and) приближаетесь к его (his) дому (house) и вышел (go out) встретить (to meet) вас (you).
9.Бесси наблюдала (watch), как (-) ее (her) дочь (daughter) открывает (open) …сумку (bag) и пытается (try) найти (find) что-то (something).
10.Фред видел (see*), что (-) …группа (group)! людей (people) направляется (go) к (to) …метро (metro station)?
Упражнение 3
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив без частицы to или причастие настоящего времени (Participle I)
Модель:
They saw him opening the door. — Они видели, как он открывал дверь.
They saw him open the door. — Они видели, как он открыл дверь.
1.Они (they) слышали (hear*), как (-) родители (parent..) открывали (open) …дверь (door), а (and) потом (then) вошли (enter) в (-) …комнату (room).
2…Ученики (pupil..) увидели (see*), что (-) …преподаватель (teacher) вошел (come) в (into) …класс (classroom) и (and) начал (begin) писать (to write) что-то (something) на (on) …доске (blackboard).
3.Моя (my) сестра (sister) заметила (notice), как (-) он выходил (go) из (out of) …комнаты (room), а потом услышала (hear*), как (-) он завел машину и уехал.
4.Фред почувствовал (feel*), что (-) кто-то (somebody) входит в (-) комнату, оглянулась (look back) и увидела (see) свою (her) подругу (friend).
5…Менеджер (manager) увидел (see*), как (-) они уходят (leave) из (-) …офиса (office), затем (then) он (he) наблюдал (watch), как (-) они пересекли (cross) …улицу (street) и (and) направились (go) в (to) …новый (new) ресторан (restaurant).
6…Дети (children) заметили (notice), как (-) отец (father) открывает (open) …дверь (door)! их (their) комнаты (room), затем (then) они (they) почувствовали (feel*), что (-) он наблюдает (watch) за (-) ними (them).
7.Мы (we) наблюдали, как (-) …корабль (ship) приближался (approach) к (-) берегу (shore), затем мы заметили, что 3.на (on) …палубе (deck) 2.стоит (stand) 1.Ник.
8.Ник увидел (see*), что (-) вы перешли (cross) …улицу (street) и (and) приближаетесь к (-) его (his) дому (house) и вышел (go* out) встретить (to meet) вас (you).
9.Бесси наблюдала, как (-) ее (her) дочь (daughter) открыла (open) …сумку (bag), затем (then) она (she) увидела (see*), что (-) она пытается (try) найти (to find) …ключи (key..) от (of) …квартиры (flat).
3. Complex Object (сложное дополнение) + инфинитив c частицей to
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив c частицей to заменяет придаточное предложение, если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения выражает:
а) желание и потребность (to want — хотеть, to wish / to desire — желать, to like — нравиться, should / would like — хотел бы). Например:
I would like you to come. — Я бы хотел, чтобы вы пришли.
I would like my brother to come. — Я бы хотел, чтобы мой брат пришел.
б) предположение (to expect — ожидать, рассчитывать; to suppose — полагать, to believe — считать, полагать; to consider / to find — считать). Например:
I expected you to come. — Я ожидал, что вы придете.
I expected my brother to come today. — Я ожидал, что мой брат придет.
в) знание, осведомленность, утверждение (to know — знать, to think — думать, to state — констатировать, to note — отмечать, to report — сообщать и другие). Например:
Fred reported him to come. — Фред сообщил, что он придет.
Fred reported your brother to come today. — Фред сообщил, что твой брат придет.
г) принуждение, приказ, разрешение или просьбу, выраженную глаголами to order — приказывать, to allow — разрешать, to forbid — запрещать и другими, им подобными. Например:
Bess allowed him to come. — Бесси разрешила ему прийти.
Bess allowed your brother to come today. — Бесси разрешила твоему брату прийти.
если глаголом-сказуемым главного предложения является make или let в страдательном залоге. Например:
Mike was made to stay. — Майка заставили остаться.
Упражнение 4
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив с частицей to.
Модель:
I would like you to come. — Я бы хотел, чтобы вы пришли.
Mike allowed him to come. — Майк разрешил ему прийти.
Mike was made to stay. — Майка заставили остаться.
1.Ты (you) бы хотела (like), чтобы (-) Ник пришел (come) сегодня (today) пораньше (earlier)?
2. Они (they) бы не хотели, чтобы (-) твой (your) брат (brother) продолжал (go on) работать (working) в (in) той (that) компании (company).
3.Он (he) не желал (want), чтобы (-) эти (these) люди (people) обсуждали (discuss) меня (me).
4…Менеджер (manager) ожидал (expect), что (-) все (all) …работы (work..) по (on) … проекту (project) будут (be) выполнены (completed) к (by) …концу (end)! февраля (February).
5.Бесси полагала (suppose), что (-) ее (her) друг (friend) 3.легко (easily) 1.справится (manage) 2.с (-) такой (such) …задачей (task)?
6.Фред знал (know*), что (-) его (his) брат (brother) (be) …превосходный (excellent) специалист (specialist) в (in) …области (field)! программирования (programming).
7.Вам (you) сообщили (inform), что (-) …директор (director) 3.уже (yet) 1.утвердил (approve) 2…проект (project)?
8…Начальник (chief)! …отдела (department) отметил (-), что (-) все (all) …работники (employee) 3.хорошо (well) 1.справились (manage) с (-) …заданием (task)?
9.Вам (you) приказали (order) распределить (allocate) …работы (work..) по (on) всем (all) …проектам (project..).
10.Нам (we) не разрешили (allow) проводить (hold on) …исследования (investigation..) по (over) …выходным (weekend).
11.Фред разрешил мне (me) прийти (come).
12.Их (they) заставили (make*) остаться (stay) после (after) работы (work) и устранить (correct) все (all) …ошибки (mistakes..) в (in) …расчетах (calculation..).
13.Майка заставили (make*) готовиться (prepare) к (for) …экзаменам (exam..) летом (in summer)?
14…Сотрудника (employee) заставили (make*) остаться (stay) и закончить (finish) …перевод (translation)! …статьи (article).
Обзорные упражнения по теме
Упражнение 5
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив без частицы to или причастие настоящего времени (Participle I), либо сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив c частицей to.
1.Она (she) заметила (notice), что (-) Фред открыл (open) грамматический (Grammar) справочник (Notes) несколько (several) раз (time..), к тому времени как (by the time) все (all) …ученики (pupil..) собрались (gather) в (in) …классе (classroom).
2…Дети (children) рассказали (tell*), что (that) они видели (see*), как (-) их (their) родители (parent..) разговаривали (speak) с (to) …директором (director)! … школы (school), когда (when) они (they) проходили (walk) по (along) …коридору (corridor)?
3…Студенты (student..) сообщили (inform), что, когда (when) они шли по …улице (street) в (to) …университет (university), они увидели (see*) Марту, которая (-) шла в (in) …другом (other) направлении (direction). Они (they) были (be) крайне (extremely) удивлены (surprised), так как (as) они считали (consider), что (-) она (be) в (in) …больнице (hospital).
4…Менеджер (manager)! …компании (company) распорядился (order), чтобы (-) все (everybody) пришли (come) на (to) …совещание (meeting) в (on) пятницу (Friday)?
5…Начальник (chief) распорядился, чтобы (-) …рабочие (worker..) закончили (finish) …ремонт (reconstruction) в (in) …главном (main) офисе (office) к (by) пятнице (Friday).
6.Она (she) сказала (say*), что (that) ничто (nothing) не (-) заставит (make) ее (her) сделать (do) такую (such) …сложную (difficult) работу (work) за (for) такой (such) …короткий (short) срок (term)?
7.Все (everybody) предполагали (suppose), что (-) к тому времени как (by the time) будет сделана (do*) …основная (main) часть (part)! …работ (work..) по (on) данному (this) проекту (project), мы уже проработаем (work) здесь (there) на протяжении (for) нескольких (several) недель (week..).
8…Директор (director) распорядился (ordered), чтобы (-) к (by) его (his) приезду (arrivle), …сотрудниками (employee..)! …проектного (project) отдела (department) были проведены (complete) все (all) …необходимые (necessary) подготовительные (preparatory) работы (work..)?
9…Менеджер (manager) сказал (say*), что (that) если бы (if) не видел (see*), как (-) 2.работает (work) 1.Ник, он бы никогда (never) не поверил (believe) в (-) то, (-) что …работа (work) может (can*) быть (be) сделана (do*) за (for) один (one) день (day).
10.Майк рассказал (tell*), что когда (when) вошел (come*) в (into) …комнату (room), он увидел (see*), что Анна читает (read) какую-то (a) книгу (book).
11…Администратор (administrator) пояснил (explain) нам (us), что если мы (we) увидим (see), как (-) она танцует (dance), мы поймем (understand*), почему (why) ее считают (consider) лучшей (the best) балериной (ballerina) в (in) …театре (theatre).
12.Нам (we) пояснили (explain), что (that) если бы (if) мы увидели, как Анна танцует, мы бы поняли, почему ее считают лучшей балериной в театре.
13.К тому времени как (by) этот (this) сотрудник (employee) вернется (come back) из (from) …командировки (business trip), мы уже несколько (several) дней (day..) будем заниматься разработкой (develop) этого проекта (project).
14…Менеджер (manager) сказал (say*), что к тому времени как (by the time) он (he) вернется из командировки, мы уже несколько дней будем заниматься разработкой этого проекта?
15.К тому времени как Майк вернулся из командировки, сотрудники уже несколько дней занимались разработкой этого проекта.
16.Мы только что (just) видели (see*) Бесси. Мы наблюдали (watch), как (-) она выходит (go out) из (from) …офиса (office).
17.Фред сказал (say*), что (that) только что видел Ника и наблюдал, как он вышел из офиса.
Упражнение 6
Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив без частицы to или причастие настоящего времени (Participle I), либо сложное дополнение (Complex Object) + инфинитив c частицей to.
1.Мы (we) бы не хотели (want), чтобы (-) ее (her) муж (husband) приходил (come) с (from) работы (work) поздно (late).
2.Все (all) …сотрудники (employee..)! …компании (company) слышали (hear*), как (-) она открывала (open) …дверь (door), а (and) потом (then) вышла (go out) из (of) … офиса (office).
3. Вы (you) бы хотели (want), чтобы (-) ваш (your) друг (friend) продолжал (go on) работать (working) над (at) этим (this) проектом (project)?
4…Студенты (student..) видели (see*), что (-) …преподаватель (teacher) вошел (come) в (into) аудиторию (audience) и (and) начал (begin) рисовать (draw) какую-то (a) схему (scheme) на (on) …доске (blackboard)?
5.Я (I) не желаю (want), чтобы (-) 2.мне (me) 1.указывали (point), что (what) я должна (must) делать (do).
6.Он (he) чувствовал (feel*), что (-) 3.в (in) …комнате (room) 1.кто-то (someone) 2.есть (be*), когда (when) он оглянулся (look back), то (-) увидел (see*) Фреда.
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