Бесплатный фрагмент - Efficient technologies in railway transport

INTRODUCTION

The state and prospects of development of the transportation process management system in railway transport in the conditions of reform are considered. The analysis of the world processes of economic development is given, effective ways of transition to landfill technologies for managing the transportation process, modern systems for organizing car traffic and train schedules, systems for operational planning of train and freight work and integration technologies, improving the quality of dispatching control on railways are presented. Modern approaches to the organization and technology of local work in the context of the development of the vertical management system are presented. The advantages of the state approach to the system of train safety in railway transport are shown. The experience of effective management of locomotives in the conditions of the Traction Resource Management Center, as well as the introduction of intelligent transport systems in railway transport and the economic efficiency of technology and transportation management on railways is presented.

Railway transport in Russia occupies a leading place in the development of the country’s economy, providing full, timely and high-quality satisfaction of passenger and freight traffic. Railways link together territories, cities and regions into a single state — Russia.

The reforms carried out in railway transport are aimed at the long-term development of the industry, the introduction of new innovative technologies based on intelligent processes using the latest telecommunication systems, GLONASS, optimization management methods that can significantly improve the quality of transportation, train safety, competitiveness, innovation and efficiency of railway transport.

The most important strategic task is to implement the implementation of the strategy of the Railway Transport Development Program until 2030. The basis of its execution is to improve the quality of operational activities and optimize transportation management. In the development strategy of the Russian Railways Holding, the basic values are: customer orientation, professionalism, innovation and efficiency, implemented through full satisfaction of customer needs based on the provision of quality services that meet international standards.

By implementing the business as an organization of freight transportation, JSC “Russian Railways” ensures the formation of a new line of transport products and an increase in the level of customer service.

An important management tool is the creation of a Central Traffic Management Directorate, whose main tasks are the continuous improvement of transportation management technology, the most productive use of car fleets and locomotives, optimization of infrastructure loading, taking into account the performance of maintenance and repair work. The creation of the structure should be continuously replenished with new technologies of the transportation process, be adequate to the requirements of the market economy at all levels of management.

The solution of the above problems primarily depends on the level of transport science, the effectiveness of which depends on the development of its connection with practice. This is especially important for such a key industry as rail transport. Many scientific ideas, technical developments, complex calculations, technological solutions of transportation management processes, which allows them to be applied more reasonably in the practice of railway operations, to obtain a significant economic effect.

The implementation of the goals in the field of development and implementation of effective technologies and modern methods of solving operational problems in railway transport are set out in this book.

CHAPTER I. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT FOR THE PERIOD UP TO 2030

1.1 Results of structural reform in railway transport

The Government of the Russian Federation has approved a Program of structural reform in railway transport, which predetermined the large-scale transformations of JSC “Russian Railways”.

The market changes of the nineties determined the need for a radical revision of the model of the entire railway industry, and the deterioration of assets — wagons, locomotives, infrastructure — required urgent action.

The program provided for a number of steps aimed at ensuring the sustainability of the railways as the basis of the unified transport system of the country, improving the safety, quality and accessibility of services provided and reducing the cost of transportation.

Railway workers have no way to stop the entire system or any part of it for a long-term reconstruction, demolish the old facilities and build new ones in their place. It is no secret that, unlike other industries, railway reform is carried out, in fact, on a living technological organism, and the classic principle of “do no harm” is not just words here.

That is why, along with large-scale changes and the formation of a new industry environment, the continuity of the best technologies, managerial experience and responsibility, labor and cultural traditions that have been formed throughout the history of the development of railways in Russia has been ensured over the past years.

Today, the effects of transformations on Russian railways are obvious.

But this stage of the reform proved at the same time that in any transformation one cannot rely only on market mechanisms. The spontaneous formation of the operator business without dialogue with railwaymen, legislators and regulators led to a rapidly formed surplus of freight cars, failures in the transportation process, additional loads on infrastructure, an increase in empty mileage, and then to the collapse of the economic efficiency of the operators themselves. But this could have been avoided by legitimizing the rights and responsibilities of market participants in their interaction with the carrier and the owner of the infrastructure.

Huge efforts and resources were directed by JSC “Russian Railways” to optimize the “model of a carrier without wagons” that has no analogues in the world, to return the efficiency of the transportation process to acceptable parameters.

A completely new transportation management system was gradually formed on the network, adapted to the targeting of private empty wagons, to the multiplicity of operators, to the fragmentation of their logistics schemes. At the same time, a constructive dialogue with operators, cargo owners and regional leaders is being built at various sites. Today there is an understanding that such a dialogue provides an increase in efficiency for all participants in the process. Thanks to the support of the State, the transport legislation has been improved. All this made it possible to increase the level of car traffic routing to its maximum value — more than 50%, optimize the operation of marshalling yards, increase the speed and reliability of delivery, and the weight of a freight train.

Taking into account the difficulties with which the stage of liberalization of the market for the provision of railcars took place, JSC “Russian Railways” is extremely balanced about reforming the locomotive complex.

Locomotive industry is probably one of the most technically complex and capital-intensive in the industry, more than 30% of all resources are concentrated here. Today it is a system of independent structures united by the logic of contractual relations. Traction Directorate, Traction Rolling Stock Repair Directorate, design bureau, service companies, locomotive repair and locomotive-building plants provide verified management of the entire process of the locomotive life cycle.

Thanks to the transformations carried out, it became possible to assess the real impact of each division on reliability, traffic safety, and economic performance of traction when optimizing locomotive management mechanisms by eliminating intermediate links.

A qualitative breakthrough in the work of the traction complex came when, with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation, domestic locomotive construction was actually restored, and the volume of purchases of new locomotives increased from several dozen to eight hundred units per year.

Today, the entire necessary line of modern and efficient locomotives has been created — electric locomotives “Ermak”, “Granit”, “Donchak”, mainline locomotives, shunting locomotives, locomotives running on gas fuel are being tested.

New solutions have been developed to change the structure of repair cycles, the list and frequency of work. A model of an optimized four-link locomotive repair system has been tested, including maintenance, current, depot and factory repairs. Already at the pilot project stage, this makes it possible to reduce operating costs by up to 23%, and use the saved funds to improve the quality and reliability of locomotives.

A significant renewal of the locomotive fleet and the appearance of cars with improved characteristics predetermined the development of new, previously inaccessible technologies related to the organization of heavy traffic.

In addition, special attention should be paid to the integration of heavy traffic with the technologies of the access roads of large enterprises. Systematic work is needed to prepare loading and unloading sites, weighing facilities, car dumpers, greenhouses. And it is carried out in close cooperation with the local executive authorities, owners of non-public roads, shippers and consignees.

The preservation of a unified railway production infrastructure and centralized dispatching control has become a basic principle in the Structural Reform Program.

Production verticals were created, which covered the entire range of issues of maintenance and repair of the track, energy, signaling and communications. Currently, the tasks of infrastructure management, ensuring its technical readiness for the transportation of goods and passengers are successfully solved by the company.

These steps made it possible to radically revise approaches to infrastructure repair technology. Today, its key principles are high quality planning of repair “windows” and the choice of priority sites for their implementation.

To improve the production discipline, the Automated system for analyzing the planning and execution of windows has been significantly improved with the inclusion of blocking functions in it in case of technology violation at the stages of preparation for “windows”. And the next stage should be the transition to a three-year planning period for the overhaul and reconstruction of railway lines.

Consistent work on reforming the industry has made it possible to form a long-term state policy in the field of infrastructure investment.

Despite the slowdown in economic growth in the country, the forecasts of Russia’s long-term socio-economic development are quite positive, which means that the cargo base will increase.

One of the key areas of the company’s work is the development of infrastructure for passengers. The experience of interaction of JSC “Russian Railways” with the leadership of Moscow and the Moscow region has shown that the development of railway transport infrastructure for suburban and urban passenger transportation is possible only if there is an interest of the subject of the Russian Federation. Currently, JSC “Russian Railways” is successfully developing the Moscow transport hub.

During the period of industry reform, a special role belongs to the transportation process management system. It is this complex that bears the main responsibility for the implementation of the key task of meeting the growing demand for services provided by rail transport. Today, it can be argued that the company has been able to adapt to new conditions, becoming more flexible in providing technological processes when interacting with our partners.

First of all, the approach to the formation of the main document of the organization of transportation activities — the train schedule has changed.

The balance of interests of passengers of high – speed, passenger and suburban trains with the interests of shippers and consignees is put in the first place when developing schedules for various categories of freight trains.

Synchronization of the timing of the introduction of a new timetable and the approval of the annual budget of JSC “Russian Railways” eliminated many problems of inconsistency of their parameters. Now these key documents begin to act simultaneously, and not with a gap of six months, as it was before.

The created traffic management vertical has consistently reformed the transportation management system. Traffic control centers have appeared, where today all the necessary means and technologies of traffic control are concentrated within the boundaries of roads. This made it possible to significantly reduce the load on the dispatching apparatus. Thanks to new information systems, the average length of dispatching stations has increased by almost a third.

However, in order to further improve the quality of transportation activities, new, landfill technologies were needed, the first step of which was the creation of seven traction resource management centers. Their task, at the current stage, was to work out the principles of managing the locomotive fleet on elongated shoulders and create end-to-end technology no longer within the boundaries of roads, but at longer technological ranges. Today, the principles of landfill management are planned to be implemented on other important elements of the transportation process — routing of car traffic, end-to-end technology for conducting “windows”, a plan for the formation and organization of train traffic.

At the same time, at all stages of technological transformations, the most important role belongs to railway stations as a key management link. It is here that the production processes of all verticals are connected into a single whole — traffic, infrastructure, traction, service provision, therefore, the powers and responsibilities of station managers as managers and coordinators should be strengthened.

Marshalling yards, which were called route factories by our grandfathers, were, are and will be the basis for the uninterrupted operation of the network. This definition is still relevant today.

The company has adopted and is implementing a Program for the development of marshalling yards of JSC “Russian Railways” until 2025. This is a strategic document defining a ten-year perspective and targets for the development of traffic volumes, the stages of modernization of pre-node stations, the transition from the information regime of automated systems to the development of control solutions.

Today, the network loads and unloads more than 100 thousand wagons every day. Everything connected with the provision of loading and unloading, with the planning of cargo transportation, is included in the range of priority tasks to improve the operation of the station complex. It is very important here that the stations become a single center of responsibility for the quality of these processes, for effective interaction with shippers on the ground. And this approach will be implemented in stages.

All the tasks that Russian Railways Holding solves in the field of technology should be focused on the needs of the client, ensuring the competitiveness and quality of our services.

The logistics companies that are part of the holding actively develop comprehensive services, provide the organization of intermodal transportation not only in the Russian, but also in the international transport market. Together with the Center for Branded Transport Services, these companies carry out purposeful work to create a comfortable technological environment for shippers through coordination of interaction, reduction of paperwork, creation of a CRM system, cataloging of services. This year, the number of documents that a client needs to issue in order to access transportation services has decreased from several dozen to four.

The evaluation of the work by the largest community of customers — passengers, of course, is especially important for the company. JSC “Russian Railways” conducts comprehensive work to improve passenger service.

The railway stations have also changed qualitatively — today they increasingly meet the requirements of the time, and this work continues.

It is possible to interest a passenger in railway transport services, first of all, strictly observing the timetable.

It must be remembered that the development of the transportation management process requires new approaches to work with huge information flows.

At the present stage, information technologies have already provided a significant qualitative step in management, but their potential is far from being exhausted. A new requirement for information systems is the economic assessment of decisions made.

Thanks to the “AS-Model” system, for the first time, an integrated approach to the formation of the optimal option for passing trains based on a comparison of the cost of infrastructure sections has been provided. Within the framework of this development, planning tasks are solved, both long – term (capital investments) and short-term — for technological aspects of operational work in the form of an optimal, cost-calculated plan for passing car traffic through the network.

And of course, the development of technology is impossible without modern information management systems. A special place among such projects of the company is occupied by the “Unified intelligent control system and automation of production processes in railway transport — ISUZHT”. The main purpose of its creation is to increase the economic efficiency of the Russian Railways holding through the implementation of coordinated management and a unified information model describing end-to-end production processes. The essence of the project is to create an automated decision support center that allows you to manage production processes in real time, planning, modeling and predicting the development of situations in general.

The result of the work carried out will be the achievement of the target parameters set by the holding’s Development Strategy until 2030.

The state is the sole shareholder of JSC “Russian Railways”, and, of course, the solution of state tasks is the main priority. At the same time, the company, as a commercial organization, is obliged to work profitably. It should have resources for development, opportunities to offer customers new attractive transport products.

To solve these problems, a program was developed to optimize operational and investment activities. The achievement of the program parameters is ensured through the implementation of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the use of traction rolling stock, the introduction of landfill technologies, increasing the level of routing, the quality of work of marshalling yards, increasing labor productivity, improving procurement activities, etc. Particular attention is paid to the issues of reducing unproductive losses arising at the junctions of interaction between production units. Here, the company uses both technological and economic incentive measures, for example, through a system for monitoring the execution of work orders between production units.

The company will have to solve the issues of further efficiency improvement through the introduction of new technologies, technical and management solutions in the organization of the transportation process. Reserves are actively used in expanding the possibilities of combining professions, in organizing the work of locomotive crews in one person. The quality of repair of infrastructure facilities is improving, including through the use of progressive repair methods, tightening the conditions for commissioning. Serious attention is paid to the efficiency of using low-intensity lines.

The main principle is that every ruble spent and invested should benefit and work for the efficiency of the industry.

The implementation of the tasks set by the Structural Reform Program has shown that the company is able to develop and adapt to the needs of the market. This is demonstrated by the analysis of the performance indicators of Russian and foreign railways. The load load on the network of JSC “Russian Railways” is the second in the world after China, and it is almost 9 times higher than in Germany. With the length of the network two times less than in the USA, Russian railways provide cargo turnover comparable to first-class roads in North America, where there is practically no passenger traffic, and passenger traffic volumes are 2 times higher than such passenger-oriented systems as the railways of France and Germany. It is obvious that Russian railways have their own unique path of development, taking into account the scale of the technological, technical, economic and social challenges facing the industry.

1.2 Vertical traffic control development based on scientific and technical achievements and informatization

Historically, the railway transportation process management system consisted of 4 levels: divisions of the Company’s central office — relevant services in the railway administration — departments in railway departments — railway stations. Each of these divisions, starting from the transportation services in the departments of roads, was in dual subordination: functionally — to the department of transportation Management, and administratively — to the heads of the railway and departments. Such a management mechanism led to contradictions in solving the company’s strategic tasks set at the central level and tactical ones at the regional level.

To eliminate these contradictions, the implementation of new solutions in the transportation process management system, on June 2, 2009, the Board of Directors decided to create a Central Directorate of Traffic Management — a branch of JSC “Russian Railways”.

The formation of a vertically integrated transportation process management structure in the context of the continuation of the structural reform of the development of the Russian Railways Holding corresponded to the target model of the railway transport services market approved in May 2007 at a meeting of the Government Commission on the Development of Industry, Technology and Transport.

The creation of the Central Directorate of Traffic Management (hereinafter referred to as the Central Directorate) completed the transition from a four-level train traffic management scheme to a three-level one, primarily due to the concentration of the dispatching apparatus of regional directorates, while interacting with the other directorates of the production unit, the Central Directorate concentrates in its hands the entire complex of functions related to the organization and management of transportation throughout their cycle.

In the context of the ongoing changes in the transport market, throughout the entire period of the Central Directorate’s activity, the technological tools used were constantly improved, the management system was consistently developed.

The centralization of train traffic management allowed for the introduction of end-to-end technologies and the application of landfill traction control principles.

It should be noted that the improvement of the management principles in the Central Directorate has allowed to create an effective structure that responds promptly to changes in the transport services market.

The development of a competitive sector in the field of freight car operations required new solutions to improve the efficiency of transportation. In this regard, the formation of park management technology has become the most important direction for the Central Directorate.

The result of this work was a Unified network technological process, which reflects the key principles of optimizing the use of rolling stock. In order to implement the technological solutions provided for by the unified network technological process, with the active participation of the Central Directorate, the necessary changes to the transport legislation were formed and initiated. Some of them have already been reflected in various regulatory legal acts.

The improvement of the technology and management system of the transportation process allowed the directorate to successfully fulfill the tasks set by the Company. After the completion of the branch formation stage, positive dynamics is noted in key volume and quality indicators.

Being one of the key divisions, the Central Directorate actively participated in the development of the Development Strategy of the Russian Railways Holding for the period up to 2030. Strategic initiatives have been developed to improve transportation activities, which provide for a whole range of production issues, and their implementation will give significant technological and economic effects.

Thus, in accordance with the control parameters of the state of the Russian Railways holding for the period up to 2030, one of the key indicators of the quality of the transportation process — the share of cargo shipments delivered on time — should be 95 percent.

The presented draft Program has been developed taking into account strategic initiatives in the field of transportation process management. It identifies five main vectors of development of the Central Directorate of Traffic Management, which are decomposed into consolidated measures to ensure their implementation.

The first vector is the transition from the regional principles of transportation process management to the planning and organization of train traffic at the landfills of the network.

As noted above, the work on the organization of the transportation process within the “polygons” has been carried out in JSC “Russian Railways” since 2012, since the creation of Traction Resource Management Centers. The positive experience of organizing the work of the locomotive complex in the new conditions confirms the need to consider the next stage of optimizing the transportation process by transferring train traffic management from the road level to the landfill.

It should be noted that there are currently several definitions of the term polygon. In particular, it is understood as a polygon of the road, the work of locomotives and locomotive crews, the following of heavy trains, etc. To form unified approaches to determining the polygon, boundary criteria, determining their optimal number, it is proposed to perform a number of scientific works in this section of the Program.

The main task that is being solved within the framework of the first section of the Program is the transition from the functional management structure to the construction of production cycles using the principles of the process approach.

Taking into account the existing experience in organizing the work of the locomotive fleet, in our opinion, the proposed management model will eliminate the losses existing at the junctions of roads, will provide additional consolidation of the work of all branches involved in transportation to meet the main quality indicators of work. This is extremely important at the current time, when it is necessary to ensure reasonable cost reduction and accelerated revenue growth for the holding.

One of the important activities of the Program section is the development of unified technological processes of landfills linking the work of the Dispatch Center for Transportation Management, the Traction Resource Management Center and other enterprises operating at the landfill. When forming them, the principles of the process approach will be widely applied, which allow optimizing the activities of the main production branches and eliminating individual technological operations that do not participate in creating value for customers and do not affect the safety, reliability and quality of management decision-making.

The transition to landfill principles of transportation process management will require updating the list of existing quantitative and qualitative indicators. Their new structure should determine not only the work of the landfill as a whole, but also the contribution of each directorate to their implementation.

The next step aimed at improving the efficiency of the transportation process is the development of uniform requirements for management facilities located at the landfill, which will ensure the through passage of trains of unified mass and length. It is under these requirements that it is necessary to form infrastructure development programs.

Improving the efficiency of marshalling yards is also one of the most important areas of the first block of measures.

Thus, in order to increase their processing capacity, in particular by eliminating recycling, it is proposed to form a program for the development of auxiliary — pre-node stations with the transfer of processing of local car traffic to them. To improve the efficiency of the port stations, it is proposed to form a comprehensive program for the development of the infrastructure of railway port stations and port infrastructure.

The second vector is the development and implementation of information technologies and modern technical means.

This is one of the most important sections of the Program, since at present it is the development of information technologies that directly affects the quality of the transportation process, from making operational decisions on the organization of transportation activities to providing an appropriate analytical base.

One of the priority tasks in the development of automated control systems for the transportation complex is the transition from information systems to information management systems. The implementation of the stated principles laid the foundation for a new project — an intelligent railway transport management system. The system under development provides:

— automation of the forecast of the use of network resources, with the coordination of throughput and processing capacities, as well as the technology of planning and management of traction resources, the development of technical standards of operational work;

— mutual linking of fully functional automated workplaces of employees of the Central Directorate;

— the transition from solving disparate tasks to interrelated calculations of the formation plan and train schedule, taking into account specific technologies.

That is, the whole complex of technologies for managing the transportation process.

The automated system for organizing the movement of trains on the high-speed Moscow-St. Petersburg route is already solving the tasks of monitoring compliance with the technology of passing high-speed SAPSAN trains. The successful experience of operating the automated train control system “ACS-D” during the Winter Olympic Games has shown the possibilities of solving problems of automation of dispatching control of train traffic and route preparation. During the Olympic and Paralympic Games, the train schedule exceeded 99% with an average daily circulation of more than 200 pairs of trains.

In the future, it is proposed to gradually introduce this system at all operating sites equipped with dispatching centralization, and with modernization and new construction, this requirement is now laid down in the technical conditions.

The largest port station Luzhskaya is implementing the most modern technologies and technical means, most of which will be implemented for the first time on Russian railways.

This is a dissolution management system that allows organizing the sorting process for one person (the person on duty on the hill), pulling up the cars in the sorting fleet, managing the locomotive without the participation of the driver, a special automated mode for the dissolution of wagons with dangerous goods, electronic document management.

The draft Program assumes the implementation of measures aimed at excluding a person from the process of securing rolling stock, inspecting trains, both commercially and technically.

Technological effects during the implementation of the second block of measures will be achieved by reducing the downtime of wagons at technical stations, increasing the speed of transportation, reducing the duration of paperwork at loading and unloading stations.

The third vector is the introduction of a comprehensive system of local work management aimed at improving economic efficiency.

In this section of the Development Program, measures have been developed for two directions — improving the efficiency of local work and reducing the unprofitability of inactive lines. They provide for the improvement of the technological processes of the stations, the transition to economic criteria for evaluating local work, the optimization of resources, the introduction of technology to ensure commercial reliability of cargo delivery for the entire route of their route.

As part of the ongoing work on the categorization of railway lines, it is proposed to revise the standards for the technical content of the infrastructure, optimizing them depending on the volume of cargo transportation.

As part of the optimization of the work of inactive lines, it is proposed to develop a program for combining professions, when in the target state, one of the employees of the locomotive crew must perform the duties of a receiver, a car inspector, a train compiler.

A similar combination of professions (electrician — station attendant) is offered when organizing the passage of trains and troubleshooting technical means.

The fourth vector is to increase the level of interaction between the vertical of traffic management and branches included in the business block “Railway transportation and infrastructure”.

Improving the efficiency of transportation process technologies is impossible without the development of cross-functional connections, their optimization and exclusion of inefficient ones.

In order to increase the level of block production activity and the level of customer orientation of the units that are part of the business block “Railway transportation and Infrastructure”, it is planned to develop regulations defining the order of annual and monthly planning, taking into account the existing infrastructure capabilities and carrying out the necessary repairs. It is planned to update the regulations of interaction between branches included in the business block “Railway transportation and infrastructure”, taking into account the end of its formation.

Since 2010, the company has been carrying out purposeful work to improve the system of material incentives for labor collectives, aimed at fulfilling the main strategic tasks to improve work efficiency through a system of bonus indicators and performance of production tasks.

Two years of work of the Regulations on the integrated crew of the marshalling yard have shown that the collective form of labor motivation is an effective tool for stimulating personnel to achieve their tasks, in which the amount of encouragement directly depends on the results of the work of all participants in the technological process. It is necessary to extend the provision on the integrated brigade to all marshalling yards of the network and solve a set of issues related to the development of a unified automated information system for monitoring the performance of bonus indicators for employees of integrated brigades and evaluating the performance of employees per shift.

The introduction of the Regulation on the integrated dispatching change of the railway is a qualitatively new round in the development of collective forms of labor stimulation, which is based on the competitive principle of dispatching personnel of the Directorate of traffic Management, infrastructure, track repair and other operational workers of the railway landfill, providing the transportation process within its borders.

In order to synchronize the tasks facing the collectives of linear stations and dispatching personnel, it is necessary to provide for uniform (end-to-end) bonus indicators in motivational schemes not only along the verticals of functional branches, but also other divisions included in the business block “Railway transportation and Infrastructure”.

The fifth vector is to increase the status of employees of the engineering unit in the implementation of the company’s priority tasks.

Today, one of the key success factors in solving the strategic tasks of the holding’s development and increasing labor productivity is the involvement of engineering workers in innovative and modernization processes taking place in railway transport. Specialists with the necessary professional and corporate competencies should act as carriers and conductors of innovative ideas that will form the basis of qualitative changes in the Russian Railways holding.

This ability must be developed in the employee throughout the entire period — from the moment of admission to the university until the end of employment directly at the enterprise. In addition, an important role is played by the process of employee satisfaction with the process of their work, the possibility of realizing their ideas in production.

To solve this set of problems, it is proposed to implement a number of measures, such as the introduction of new training standards, which will be directly linked to all the developments that are being carried out at Russian Railways. To identify the most promising employees and their business qualities, it is proposed to conduct evaluation activities. To exchange experience, create regional councils of engineers with periodic forums.

The implementation of the Program is aimed at achieving the strategic goals of the Russian Railways Holding. The economic assessment was carried out according to two development options — pessimistic and conservative.

In the conditions corresponding to the pessimistic scenario, the following targets are envisaged for the period up to 2030: an increase in the local speed to 41.0 km/h, the average weight of a freight train to 3,965 tons, locomotive performance of 2,057 thousand tkm. br., the share of shipments delivered within the regulatory (contractual) period of at least 91.7%.

The total accumulated (period 2015—2030) economic effect is estimated at 5.5 billion rubles (without the price factor in the working conditions of 2014, regardless of market conditions), including: 3.3 billion rubles. rub optimization of operating costs and 2.2 billion rub reduction of financial risks of making claims for late delivery of goods.

The implementation of the Program for the development of the vertical traffic control will lead to an annual optimization of the need for traction resources by improving the quality indicators of the use of rolling stock. To calculate the economic effect, the parameters of the dynamics of the average daily performance of the locomotive are used as a complex indicator that takes into account the dynamics of the local speed, the average weight of the train, the average daily mileage, the budget for the use of the locomotive, etc.

The total accumulated effect of optimizing operating costs by reducing the need for traction resources (to the level of the previous period) while increasing the average daily productivity of the locomotive to 2057 thousand tkm. gross (corresponds to the pessimistic scenario of the Development Strategy of the Russian Railways holding until 2030) is estimated at 3.3 billion rubles.

The implementation of the Transportation Management Vertical Development Program will lead to a reduction in financial risks for accrued claims for late delivery of goods when the delivery reliability level of 91.7% is reached by 2030 (corresponds to the pessimistic scenario of the development of the Russian Railways holding until 2030).

The total accumulated effect of minimizing financial risks on accrued claims for late delivery of goods while increasing the level of reliability to 91.7% (corresponds to the conservative scenario of the Strategy developed by the Russian Railways Holding until 2030) is estimated at 2.2 billion rubles.

The implementation of the Program in conditions corresponding to the conservative scenario of the development of the Russian Railways holding will allow achieving targets for the period up to 2030: increasing the local speed to 46.5 km/h, the average weight of a freight train of 4,200 tons, locomotive performance of 2,193 thousand tkm. br., the share of shipments delivered within the regulatory (contractual) period is not less than 95%.

The total accumulated (period 2015—2030) economic effect is estimated at 15.4 billion rubles (without the price factor in the working conditions of 2014, regardless of market conditions), including: 8.9 billion rubles — optimization of operating costs and 6.5 billion rubles. rub — reduction of financial risks of making claims for late delivery of goods.

The implementation of the Program for the development of the vertical traffic control will lead to an annual optimization of the need for traction resources by improving the quality indicators of the use of rolling stock.

The total accumulated effect of optimizing operating costs by reducing the need for traction resources (to the level of the previous period) while increasing the average daily productivity of the locomotive to 2,193 thousand tkm. br. (corresponds to the conservative scenario of the Development Strategy of the Russian Railways holding until 2030) is estimated at 8.9 billion rubles.

The implementation of the Transportation Management Vertical Development Program will lead to a reduction in financial risks for accrued claims for late delivery of goods when the delivery reliability level of 95% is reached by 2030 (corresponds to the conservative scenario of the development of the Russian Railways holding until 2030).

1.3 Ways of business development and customer orientation of the Russian Railways Holding

Today, both at the state and corporate levels, there is an increased understanding of the need to move to setting long-term goals and objectives and forming an integrated strategic management of production processes. By order of the government, amendments were made to the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, which defined the main goals of the development of the country’s transport system in modern macroeconomic conditions, fixed the state policy in the field of management and support of modes of transport, including rail. One of the key changes was greater customer orientation, consolidation of requirements for the quality and reliability of the services provided.

Changes also continued in the strategic management system at Russian Railways. Approved by the Board of Directors of the company at the end of December 2013, the strategy of its development until 2030 determined the course for the formation of a vertically integrated transport and logistics holding and building a management system for five key business blocks. Due to the diversification of activities, a synergistic effect is formed, bringing the financial result of the holding to a much higher level compared to the model of an exclusively infrastructure company. In early February 2014 The Board of Directors of JSC “Russian Railways” approved the control parameters of the target state of the holding for the period up to 2030 in general and for the main business blocks.

It should be recalled that in 2014 the work was carried out in conditions of non-indexed tariffs, insufficient compensation for unprofitable passenger traffic, changes in the structure of cargo and passenger flows. However, the company has once again proved its ability to fulfill the tasks it faces.

Concrete steps have been taken to form a single window system: a decision has been made to concentrate a number of functions of cargo and commercial work at the central and regional levels in the contour of the transport and logistics business block. A vertical for passenger transportation management has been created and is already functioning.

Today, the system as a whole is clearly visible. Through the business blocks “Transport and Logistics” and “Passenger transportation”, the needs of customers are transformed into the production tasks of the holding, and they, in turn, are solved by the business block “Railway transportation and infrastructure”.

Interregional and regional coordination councils under the chairmanship of railway chiefs play a significant role in realizing the logistics potential of the holding. In close cooperation with regional authorities and transport market participants, issues of meeting the demand for rail transportation, attracting additional volumes of cargo are being resolved, proposals for the provision of new transport products are being formed.

The key activity of the business blocks “Transport and Logistics” and “Railway transportation and infrastructure” should be the expansion of the portfolio of services provided, which are fixed by the timetable and the train formation plan as key consolidating documents.

The holding already offers customers not just transportation, but also door-to-door cargo delivery, organization of transportation in international traffic involving several modes of transport.

In order to obtain the maximum synergetic effect, the company is forming an organizational vertical for managing customer orientation and business development for all types of holding activities with the creation of a Business Development and Customer Orientation Department in the corporate center. Relying on the powers of this department and the processes of inter-block coordination established by it, it is supposed to manage the value chain for the client, the quality of internal and external services and the mutually coordinated development of business blocks.

Working in the new evaluation system, all business blocks and business units, fulfilling their specific indicators, are primarily obliged to ensure access to the general parameters of development and efficiency improvement. This is what interaction and coordination in the holding should be based on.

The task of consolidating car fleets remains relevant. In recent years, many technological and management solutions have been worked out in practice. This allowed us to form an understanding that the solution of this problem is possible through the implementation of a rental scheme that will concentrate the management of parks in one hand.

It is obvious that the Federal Cargo Company, as the largest operator with all the resources and competencies, should become a platform for the consolidation of parks. But in order to start this process, we need proactive decisions from the regulatory authorities. This is the liberalization of the carriage component or the establishment of a rational tariff corridor. In the absence of these tools, a work model that is effective in relation to technology will be non-market and uncompetitive.

So far, we cannot be satisfied with the level of development of landfill technologies. It is obvious that it is impossible to manage the transportation process within the boundaries of large polygons in manual mode. We need not just an automated, but a control system. In this regard, I would like to once again draw attention to the need to develop such an obviously complex project of a unified intelligent control system and automation of production processes in railway transport.

Such projects include the development of passenger traffic in the Moscow transport hub. It is based on services that are really in demand and provides for comprehensive financing from JSC “Russian Railways”, the federal budget and the funds of the city of Moscow. This is a large complex project, the experience of which can be used in the development of large agglomerations on the railway network.

Even more difficult are the tasks of achieving parameters that depend on the coherence of the actions of three or more business blocks of the holding. In order to ensure a break-even level in accordance with the financial plan approved by the government, it is necessary to reach the target figures for revenue. In this regard, although revenues are generated directly in the transport, logistics and passenger business blocks, the contribution of the infrastructure component, including its locomotive part, is largely decisive. At the same time, it is extremely important to ensure that the planned indicators are achieved by subsidiaries, interaction with which should also be carried out based on the priorities of joint development of business blocks.

There are still a lot of problems in the infrastructure complex, and first of all in the economy of the way. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the management system in detail once again, identify its critical points, strengthen coordination and control over the processes of repair and maintenance of infrastructure in the regions.

Of course, a huge role in the issues of security and effective management in the new conditions belongs to the social block of the holding. The improvement of the system of recruitment and placement of personnel, the development of corporate training of managers and specialists in accordance with the requirements of the time should be continued.

According to these and other indicators of long-term development, the Board of Directors will evaluate the activities of the Russian Railways holding and make decisions on the implementation of its development strategy.

The formation of a full-fledged system of indicators linking customer orientation with the end-to-end processes of business units, responsibility for their execution will allow achieving a significant increase in the efficiency of the company’s activities, improving the quality of transport services and making a significant step in solving the strategic tasks set for Russian Railways.

1.4 Innovative activity development in the management of the Russian Railways Holding

The key indicators of the company’s innovation activity are such indicators as labor productivity growth, the volume and efficiency of innovative technical means implemented, energy efficiency of the transportation process, the number of security documents received for the results of intellectual activity.

In the conditions of a difficult economic situation, the company is forced to reduce the amount of funding for the work provided for by the scientific and technical development plan. At the same time, the share of funds from the business community and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research attracted for research and development work increases annually.

In accordance with the import substitution program, together with the Italian company ESM S.P.A., a multi-station microprocessor centralization system with integrated auto-locking is being created. For the first time, a project with open source software and a computer-aided design system is being implemented according to Russian regulatory safety requirements. It is envisaged to use low-maintenance floor equipment of domestic production, i.e. the system will have a high level of adaptability. The cost of its life cycle will be 20% less compared to the currently supplied microprocessor centralization systems.

The technology of organizing the movement of freight trains according to energy-optimal schedules was further developed within the framework of train traffic management in the direction. A significant result of 2014 was the implementation of end-to-end planning of the train schedule and the virtually complete elimination of quasi-junctions between roads in the directions from Inskaya station to Chelyabinsk-Main and Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochny stations. Currently, more than 1.8 thousand locomotives are equipped with devices for informing the driver about the current energy-optimal train schedule, there is an automatic garter for trains of locomotives and locomotive crews. The use of this technology only at the specified landfill gave an annual energy savings of more than 120 million kWh and ensured the departure of freight trains according to the schedule at the level of 75%, the passage — at the level of 35%.

One of the key areas of implementation of the company’s scientific and technical policy is the introduction of innovations in the infrastructure complex, where the share of expenses for transportation activities is about 35% of the total. The priority here is to reduce the cost of the life cycle of objects, provided that the safety of the transportation process and a high level of reliability of technical means are ensured. A number of innovative solutions in infrastructure maintenance are presented at.

Exactly one hundred years ago, the world’s first track measuring car designed by Nikolai Emelyanovich Dolgov went on its first flight. And now Russian engineers are not giving up their positions in this high-tech segment. Thus, the diagnostic complexes “Era” and “Integral” are superior to foreign analogues “Archimedes” (Italy), IRIS 320 (France) both in terms of the number of controlled parameters and the degree of automation of management and information processing processes. A new stage in the development of mobile diagnostic tools was the first complex for monitoring the infrastructure of the Baikal-Amur mainline, created on the basis of the 2TE116 diesel locomotive. It replaces several cars of infrastructure diagnostics and, most importantly, during the inspection affects the track with an axial load of up to 23.5.

Analysis of the prospects for the development of diagnostic tools has shown the need to equip the infrastructure of high-speed electric trains “Sapsan” with diagnostic complexes. Russian specialists are creating an innovative on-board diagnostic system that evaluates the infrastructure of the St. Petersburg — Moscow line according to 76 parameters. The beginning of fundamentally new technologies of the XXI century has been laid, radically changing the structure of technical diagnostic tools and repeatedly increasing the efficiency and reliability of the information received.

Another example of the capabilities of the Russian design school is the implementation of a new approach to solving the problem of optimizing the interaction of rolling stock and track. The introduction of an asynchronous traction drive made it possible to reduce both unsprung masses and the impact on the path by 50%. The next step is to switch to software methods. Thus, the use of a new version of the traction converter software developed by specialists for 2ES10 and 2ES7 electric locomotives has significantly improved a number of indicators and reduced the impact of the locomotive on the path in small radius curves by a third.

For the first time on the road network, experimental operation of wagons with an axial load of 27 tc began to determine their impact on the track and artificial structures. The tests carried out on the Kovdor — Murmansk section of the Oktyabrskaya Railway will be completed in August 2015. But it can already be stated with confidence that very interesting results have been obtained, which are extremely important both for the current maintenance of the track and for the design of new-generation railcars.

The company is actively implementing the regulatory framework of the URRAN methodology. Currently, 10 interstate and national standards, 14 corporate standards, more than 60 methodological documents for various farms have been developed. One of the examples of the effectiveness of such documentation can be the results of the introduction of a methodology developed by our specialists over the entire 1520 mm gauge space, which allows us to determine freight cars to be decommissioned according to the reliability and safety indicators of cast trolley parts. More than 3 thousand. The side frames were seized according to the instructions of Roszheldornadzor and more than 13 thousand more were rejected at technical inspection points, joint work with specialists of the railways of Austria and Switzerland showed our priority in this area.

Currently, the development of a regulatory framework for determining the physical deterioration of infrastructure facilities is being completed.

URRAN indicators are used in the preparation of requirements for the purchase of products for JSC “Russian Railways”. It is especially important to use the URRAN methodology to optimize the planning of facilities for modernization and repair of the track in conditions of lack of funding.

The technical regulations of the Customs Union stipulate the requirement to have the necessary set of operational and repair documentation for manufactured products already at the certification stage, which meets the interests of consumers and will contribute to improving the level of train safety. The company is working on the analysis of related technical regulations being developed and the elimination of identified collisions.

Interaction with suppliers will develop in terms of further implementation of the IRIS standard, the application of the UR-RAS standards in the organization of procurement activities, the creation of a system of technical audit of car repair enterprises of all forms of ownership in the countries of the Customs Union, and in a number of other areas.

The key task in the quality management unit of internal processes is the formation of the production system of JSC “Russian Railways”, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of operational activities and motivates employees to its continuous improvement. The implementation of lean manufacturing projects, the development of metrological support, the accreditation of the company’s testing centers in the accreditation system of Russia and individual ones in the Dakks system are aimed at this.

One of the key components of quality management of internal processes is a clear organization of metrological support. Currently, the reorganization of the metrological complex has been completed. On all railways there are metrology centers serving all structures of the holding.

1.5 Information technologies development in transportation process management

The introduction of process principles in the company requires a transition from the registration and analysis of individual events to the planning and control of operational work processes as a whole. The rationing of processes provided for during the modernization of the Automated Transportation Operational Management System makes it possible to prevent a violation of technology, and therefore, to build an accurate forecast of the execution of operations and plan optimal solutions for the performance of operational tasks by all performers in all areas of work with a minimum of costs.

The main feature of the new system is the presence of components that allow not only to algorithmize the execution of processes, but also to offer their optimal implementation in terms of minimizing the operating costs of transportation in general. For these purposes, it is planned to build a single database of all operational work resources, network bandwidth with the most detailed sections and their economic and technical characteristics, the possibility of combining adjacent sections for calculations, as well as reporting on any polygons. The automated transportation operational management system consolidates all information flows related to transportation management and is an integration platform for planning and managing processes, their operational control and reporting.

The modern means of development and operation of an Automated Control System, including open-source software, used in the modernization of an Automated Transportation Operational Management System, provide a significant increase in the performance and fault tolerance of the system, as well as reduce the cost of ownership and eliminate dependence on foreign suppliers. Thus, in addition to solving business problems, the architecture of the Automated Management System and its maintenance technology are simplified, equipment and license costs are reduced, and the groundwork for solving promising tasks is provided.

Due to the common methodological basis and a single base of normative and reference information, it was possible to ensure strict mutual alignment of various parameters and constraints of operational work — the throughput and carrying capacity of sections and stations, the cost of transportation, the duration and number of “windows”, the availability of traction rolling stock and crews, wagons, formation plan, etc. — and perform calculations both for the network as a whole and for any of its polygons with flexibly changing boundary conditions and optimization criteria.

Currently, the model calculates the optimal passage of car traffic at the specified values of transportation volumes, throughput and processing capacities and unit cost. The skipping of all correspondence specified by the plan is simulated, with the minimum cost of their transportation over the network. In the event of situations when car traffic exceeding its capacity is sent to the site, the model offers such options for bypassing bottlenecks that provide the minimum possible cumulative additional costs.

The analytical subsystem built into the model generates a wide range of reports, such as: bottlenecks; the cost of transportation; correspondence that the model recommends to skip in circles; correspondence that had to take several different routes. An independent evaluation of the effectiveness of the solution obtained using the model for the direction of car traffic, conducted by specialists of JSC NIIAS, showed that the total estimated savings in operating costs could amount to about 3 billion rubles per year under the current norms and schedule.

The model can be applied to solve a wide range of planning tasks, both long — term — capital investments, and short-term — for technological aspects of operational work. Examples of such tasks can be an assessment of the General Scheme, checking the feasibility of transportation plans under given infrastructure constraints, and tariff modeling.

The model also provides for a dynamic mode of operation. Currently, information from existing operational systems is integrated into it, optimization and predictive algorithms have been developed and tested, and the main tasks of current planning have been implemented. In the future, the dynamic model will become part of the Automated Operational Transportation Management System and will increase its functionality by detailing the elements of the transportation process. It is also advisable to use plug-in optimization modules at the level of stations and polygons, for example, such as energy-efficient Elbrus graphs. At the same time, due to the use within the framework of the general model, their mutual alignment and consistency of optimization of individual indicators (for example, costs on stages and stations) will be ensured.

The use of such a set of models will significantly improve the quality of operational planning and the development of infrastructure capacity. At the first stage, with its help, it is possible to form optimized technical standards and regulations, the mutual linking of all planning processes and the organization of operational work on the basis of a common methodology and unified reference information.

Then the transition to integrated planning of all production activities will be carried out, which should provide customers with a guaranteed volume and level of quality of transportation services due to the stable execution of technological processes and their optimal and balanced provision with all types of resources. Plans for the provision of internal services will also be formed, supported by appropriate resources in the budgets of all production verticals and linear enterprises.

The set of models will ensure the management of the value chain for the client, the quality of internal and external services, the mutually coordinated development of business blocks, will contribute to increasing customer orientation and maximum satisfaction of the demand for transportation with the required quality of services. Thus, information technologies serve to provide the necessary support for solutions to new business challenges.

CHAPTER II. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN RAILWAYS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY